UWorld Study Girl Tips Part 2

Nephrotoxicity

What adverse effect do the following drugs commonly cause?

Aminoglycosides

Amphotericin B

Cisplatin

Cyclosporin

Loop diuretics

NSAIDs

Polymyxins

Radiographic dye

Tacrolimus

Vancomycin

60

Less than what creatinine clearance is nitrofurantoin contraindicated?

50

Less than what creatinine clearance is tenofovir disoproxil fumarate containing products and IV voriconazole contraindicated?

30

Less than what creatinine clearance is tenofovir alafenamide containing products, NSAIDs and Dabigatran contraindicated?

30

Less than what estimated GFR is metformin contraindicated for use in treated patients, although it should not be initiated in patients with eGFR < 45?

Increased Potassium

What adverse effect are the following medications commonly associated with?

ACE inhibitors

Aliskiren

ARBs

Canagliflozin

Drosperinone-containing products

Potassium IV fluids

Potassium sparing diuretics

SMP/TMX

Transplant drugs (cyclosporine, tacrolimus)

Multiply by 0.8

How do you convert from aminophylline to theophylline?

Hint: ATM

80%

What percentage of NPH BID or Toujeo dose should be used when converting from either insulin to insulin glargine daily?

8 mEq

How much lithium ion is in 5 mL lithium citrate or 300 mg lithium carbonate?

40 mg

What dose of furosemide is equivalent to torsemide 20 mg or bumetanide 1 mg?

20 mEq/15 mL

What conversion should be used for KCl 10%?

5 mg

What dose of prednisone is equivalent to the following steroid doses?

Cortisone 25 mg

Hydrocortisone 20 mg

Methylprednisolone 4 mg

Triamcinolone 4 mg

Dexamethasone 0.75 mg

Betamethasone 0.6 mg

1:2

What is the IV:PO ratio for converting furosemide?

0.75:1

What is the IV:PO ratio for converting levothyroxine?

1:2.5

What is the IV:PO ratio for converting metoprolol?

100 / ratio strength

How do you calculate percentage strength from ratio strength?

100 / percentage strength

How do you calculate ratio strength from percentage strength?

Left

What direction do you move the decimal 4 places when converting from parts per million (PPM) TO percentage strength?

Right

What direction do you move the decimal 4 places when converting from percentage strength TO parts per million (PPM)?

30 mg

What is the equivalent PO dose of morphine 10 mg IV/IM?

7.5 mg

What is the equivalent PO dose of hydromorphone 1.5 mg IV/IM?

20 mg

What is the equivalent dose of oxycodone to PO morphine 30 mg?

30 mg

What is the equivalent dose of hydrocodone to PO morphine 30 mg?

previr

What ending is associated with NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors used for HCV regimens?

Hint: "P for PI"

asvir

What ending is associated with NS5A Replication Complex Inhibitors used for HCV regimens?

Hint: "A for NS5A"

buvir

What ending is associated with NS5B Polymerase Inhibitors used for HCV regimens?

Hint: "B for NS5B"

Jaundice

What symptom of liver disease is typically associated with increased total bilirubin (TBili)?

Hepatic encephalopathy

What symptom of liver disease is typically associated with increased ammonia?

Acute Liver Toxicity

What type of liver disease is typically associated with increased AST/ALT and commonly caused by drugs?

Alcohol Liver Disease

What type of liver disease is typically associated with increased AST> .ALT and game glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)?

Chronic Liver Disease

What type of liver disease is typically associated with increased AST/ALT, Alk Phos, TBili, LDH, and PT/INR but DECREASED albumin?

Liver Damage

What boxed warning is associated with the following medications?

Acetaminophen

Amiodarone

Isoniazid

Ketoconazole

Methotrexate

Nefazodone

Nevirapine

Propylthiouracil

Valproic acid

Zidovudine

Live

What type of vaccine are "MICRO-VY"?

MMR

Intranasal influenza

Cholera

Rotavirus

Oral Typhoid

Varicella

Yellow fever

same day or 4 weeks apart

How should most live vaccines be given when multiple are required?

Oral rotavirus and typhoid vaccines

What are the exceptions to the separation of live vaccines?

MMR and varicella containing

What type of vaccines required separation from antibody containing products such as blood transfusions or IVIG?

2 weeks

If the MMR or varicella containing vaccine is given before antibody containing products, what is the recommended duration of separation?

3 months

If the MMR or varicella containing vaccine is given after antibody containing products, what is the recommended duration of separation?

Bismuth subsalicylate 524-1050 my PO 4 times daily

Other than antibiotics (rifaximin) for high risk patients, what regimen is recommended for traveller's diarrhea prophylaxis?

Loperamide or bismuth subsalicylate

What treatment regimen(s) are recommended for mild traveller's diarrhea?

Moderate

For what type of traveller's diarrhea is loperamide with or without antibiotics (azithromycin or quinolone) recommended for treatment?

Severe

For what type of traveller's diarrhea is Azithromycin with or without loperamide recommended for treatment?

Inactivated

What type of vaccines are the following travel vaccines?

Hepatitis A/B

Japanese encephalitis

Meningococcus

Polio

Typhoid-IM

Cholera, Typhoid

What live, travel vaccines are available in PO dosage form?

Yellow fever

What live, travel vaccine is available in SC dosage form?

Kill Each And Every Strong Pathogen

What sentence can be used to remember the following common resistant pathogens?

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Escherichia coli

Acinetobacter baumannii

Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium

Staphylococcus aureus

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

staphylococcus

What gram positive bacteria presents as cocci in clusters?

Streptococcus, enterococcus

What gram positive bacteria presents as cocci in pairs and chains?

Rods

What shape are the following gram positive bacteria?

Listeria

Corynebacterium

Anaerobes

What do the following gram positive bacteria have in common?

Peptostreptococcus

Propioinibacterium acnes

Clostridium difficile

Clostridium spp.

Neisseria

What is the only gram negative COCCI?

Enteric

What do the following gram negative RODS have in common?

Proteus mirabilis

E. Coli

Klebsiella

Serratia

Enterobacter

Citrobacter

Non-enteric

What do the following gram negative RODS have in common?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

H. influnzae

Providencia spp.

Coccobacilli

What shape are the following gram negative bacteria?

Acinetobacter baumannii

Bordeteela pertussis

Moraxella catarrhalis

Anaerobes

What do the following gram negative bacteria have in common?

Bacteroids fragilis

Provetella spp.

Atypicals

What type of bacteria are the following?

Chlamydia spp.

Legionella spp.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Mycobacterterium tuberculosis

Pink

How do gram NEGATIVE bacteria present on a gram stain?

Purple

How do gram POSITIVE bacteria present on a gram stain?

Clinical ASCVD

What statin benefit group includes patients that have experienced CHD, stroke/TIA, or peripheral arterial disease thought to be of atherosclerotic origin and should, therefore, be treated with a high intensity statin for secondary prevention?

190

LDL ≥ _____ indicates a patient with primary, severe dyslipidemia that should be treated with a high intensity statin for primary prevention.

Moderate

What Statin intensity is recommended for patients with diabetes and age 40-75 years REGARDLESS of 10-year ASCVD risk score for primary prevention?

Multiple ASCVD risk factors

When should a patient with diabetes and age 40-75 years be treated with a high intensity statin for primary prevention?

20%

A patient that is age 40-75 years with LDL 70-189 and a 10-year ASCVD risk ≥ _____ should be treated with a high intensity statin for primary prevention.

Pharmacists Rock At Saving Lives and Preventing Fatty deposits

What sentence can be used to remember the equivalent dosing for statins?

Pitavastatin 2 mg

Rosuvastatin 5 mg

Atorvastatin 10 mg

Simvastatin 20 mg

Lovastatin 40 mg

Pravastatin 40 mg

Fluvastatin 80 mg

Simvastatin, lovastatin

What two statins should be AVOIDED with "G PACM" CYP inhibitors?

Grapefruit

Protease inhibitors

Azoles

Cyclosporine/cobicistat

Macrolides

Amiodarone

What CYP inhibitor should not be used with doses higher than simvasatin 20 mg or lovastatin 40 mg?

Non-DHP CCBs

What CYP inhibitor should not be used with doses higher than simvastatin 10 mg or lovastatin 20 mg?

Thiazide Diuretic, DHP CCB, ACEi, ARB

What are the preferred general drug classes for the treatment of hypertension?

ACEi or ARB

What are the preferred drug classes for the treatment of hypertension in patients with concomitant CKD?

2

How many preferred hypertension agents should be initiated in patients with baseline average BP >20/10 mmHg above goal?

IV

What do the following medications have in common, making them good candidates for use in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies?

Clevidipine

Enalaprilat

Esmolol

Hydralazine

Labetalol

Nicardipine

Nitroglycerin

Nitroprusside

Stable Angina

For what disease state is the general treatment approach "ABCDE"?

Antiplatelet and antiaginal drugs

Blood pressure

Cholesterol (statins)

Diet and diabetes

Exercise and education

Unstable Angina

What disease state presents with chest pain, NEGATIVE cardiac enzymes, no or transient ischemic changes on ECG, and a partial blockage?

NSTEMI

What disease state presents with chest pain, positive cardiac enzymes, no or transient ischemic changes on ECG, and a partial blockage?

STEMI

What disease state presents with chest pain, positive cardiac enzymes, ST segment elevation on ECG, and a COMPLETE blockage?

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

What is "MONA-GAP-BA" commonly used for treatment of?

Morphine

Oxygen

Nitrates

Aspirin

GPIIb/IIIa antagonists

Anticoagulants

P2Y12 inhibitors

Beta blockers

ACE inhibitors

PCI

What treatment may be utilized with or without MONA-GAP-BA in the treatment of NSTEMI?

PCI or fibrinolytic

What treatment option should ALWAYS be utilized MONA-GAP-BA in the treatment of STEMI?

Indefinitely

How long should aspirin 81 mg be continued for secondary prevention of ACS, unless contraindicated?

12 months

What is the minimum duration that PSY12 inhibitors should be continued for secondary prevention of ACS in medical management or PCI treated patients?

Prasugrel

What P2Y12 inhibitor is ONLY recommended for use in ACS patients with were treated with PCI?

3 years

How long should beta blockers be continued for secondary prevention of ACS in patients that do NOT have heart failure or need hypertensive therapy?

ACE inhibitor

What medication class should be continued indefinitely in ACS patients with EF < 40%, HTN, CKD, or DM for secondary prevention?

Aldosterone Antagonist

What medication class should be continued indefinitely in ACS patients with EF ≤ 40% and symptoms of HF or DM receiving target doses of ACEi and BB for secondary prevention?

high intensity

What statin dose is recommended indefinitely for most ACS patients for secondary prevention?

2.5, 2

Aldosterone Antagonists are contraindicated in MALE patients with SCr > _____, FEMALE patients with Screening > _____ or K > 5.

Pink

What color is a 1 mg warfarin tablet?

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Lavender

What color is a 2 mg warfarin tablet?

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Green

What color is a 2.5 mg warfarin tablet?

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Brown

What color is a 3 mg warfarin tablet?

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Blue

What color is a 4 mg warfarin tablet?

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Peach

What color is a 5 mg warfarin tablet?

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Teal

What color is a 6 mg warfarin tablet?

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Yellow

What color is a 7.5 mg warfarin tablet?

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White

What color is a 10 mg warfarin tablet?

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Vitamin K

The following foods are high in _________, indicating that they can DECREASE INR and, therefore, increase clotting risk:

Spinach (cooked)

Broccoli

Brussel sprouts

Collard greens

Kale

Atrial Fibrillation

In what disease state should the CHA2DS2-VASc scoring system be utilized in order to determine need for anticoagulation?

HAS BLED

What scoring system is utilized to determine bleeding risk of patients receiving anticoagulation?

D

What common abbreviation is utilized in cough and cold combination products to indicate the presence of a decongestant, such as phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine?

PE

What common abbrevation is utilized in cough and cold combination products to indicate the presence of phenylephrine?