DNA fingerprinting

Gene

Gene

Part of the DNA that codes for proteins and RNA (tRNA and mRNA)

Introns

98.5% - non-coding genes

1.5%

percentage of coding genes or Exons

20,000 to 25,000

how many genes in the human genome codes for an average of three proteins.

GENE POOL

Total genetic diversity found within a population of a species

DNA FINGERPRINTING

Method used to identify an individual from a sample of DNA by looking at unique patterns in their DNA.

DNA FINGERPRINTING

A process or technique of analysis revealing unique patters of an individual’s DNA involving non-coding regions

1980

in this year, American researchers discover non-coding regions of DNA

1987

In this year, the First conviction of man in England based on DNA evidence

Professor Alec Jeffreys

In 1987, This professor, developed the process of the DNA fingerprinting

3 billion

Human genome - contains how many nucleotides

Minisatellite

also known as Variable Number of Tandem Repeats

Minisatellite

10-60 base pairs

Microsatellite

2-6 base pairs

Microsatellite

Simple Sequencing Repeats (SSRs) or Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

Variable Number of Tandem Repeats

Repetitive sequence that are highly variable

tetranucleotide

Short tandem repeats: AAAG AAAG AAAG AAAG
(tetranucleotide, trinucleotide, dinucleotide)

Homozygote

both alleles are the same length

Heterozygote

alleles differ and can be resolved from one another

ELECTROPHORESIS

mobility/direction of movement of a certain electrical point.

1. Cells broken down to release DNA

2. DNA strands cut into fragments

3. Fragments separated (Gel electrophoresis)

4. Transfer bands to nitrocellulose

5. Probing

6. Pattern of fragments analysed

steps involved in DNA fingerprinting

DNA Extraction

Steps/ how to get the genome of interest. Used in paternity testing, crime scene (usually).

DNA Cutting

The DNA is cut up into fragments using restriction enzymes

Sticky ends

Single Stranded ends of the restriction fragment

blunt ends

Straight ends w/o any single strand region

Fragment Separation

Steps: Samples containing the fragments are placed into individual wells in a gel using a pipette

Paternity disputes

Criminal Investigation and Forensic Science

. Genetic Screening and Developing Cures

Screening Test

Developing Cures for Inherited Disorders

Genetic Archaeology

application of DNA fingerprinting

Tetranucleotides

favored in human identity

14

aaga is a particular individual with how many repeats?

false - heterozygote

homozygote is alleles differ and can be resolved from one another. (true/false)

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RLFP)

enzymatic procedure for separation and identification of desired fragments of DNA

fragment separation

samples containing the fragments are placed into individual wells in a gel using pipette

agarose gel electrophoresis

different banding patterns from different individualls

dna dutting

the dna is cut up into fragments using restriction enzymes

1983

Narborough village murders

year when first reported use of genetic fingerprinting in a criminal case and what is the crime

225 000 lost

800 victims identified

how many lives was lost during soutasian tsunami and within 3 months how many victims have been identified