Tissues

Tissue

group of cells that have similar functions

4 types of tissues found in the body

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

some functions of connective tissue

Protection, Structure, Support, Binds/Transportation, hemopoiesis, energy storage, mineral storage, body temperature, homeostasis, carries oxygen, immune system, blood clotting

Connective tissues have a _____replication rate than epithelial but cells do ___

slower; replicate

which connective tissue is avascular

cartilage

cartilage tissue does not have a

nerve supply

Connective tissues that are vascular

blood, adipose, bone

most abundant tissue in the human body

connective tissue

Connective tissue consist of three basic units

Cells, ground substance, and fibers (together these make the matrix)

collagen fibers

compose of the protein collagen, they are very strong, resistant to stretching, but are little flexible, found in bone, ligaments, tendon, and cartilage

elastic fibers

compose of the protein, elastin, provide strength and flexibility, through its ability to stretch, found in skin, blood vessels, and lungs

Reticular fibers

Very thin, collagenous fibers that provide structural support around Adipose, nerves, and muscle fibers

hyaline cartilage

Ends of long bones, growth, plates, nose, rings within respiratory passages, costal cartilages

Fibrocartilage

Intervertebral disc, menisci, pubic synthesis

elastic cartilages

Ears, part of larynx

Fixed cells, and connective tissue (red blood cells)

Fibroblast and mast cells

Fibroblast

cells that produce fibers that go into the matrix

Mast cells

produce histamine associated with inflammation and allergies, also produce heparin which prevents blood from clotting

Type of wandering cell in connective tissue

macrophages

Macrophages

originate as leukocytes and our specialized to carry out phagocytosis (eat cells)

Ground Substance/Matrix

made up of mostly water and fluids when fibers come together with gel (Extracellular fluid)

Loose Connective Tissue

connective tissue is not as strong; few collagen and more elastic; in blood vessels; more cells, less fibers

Dense Connective Tissue

less cells; more fibers; ends of bones, tendons, ligaments

Tendons function

binds muscle to bone

blood function

transports nutrients

bone function

protection; hematopoiesis

cartilage fucntion

structure; articular cartilage (reduces friction; binds bones/organs

ligament function

binds bones

Adipose function

protection, stores energy, regulates body temperature

specific types of connective tissues

tendons, bones, blood, ligaments, cartilage, adipose

where do you find epithelial tissue

line cavities; covers surfaces

functions of epithelial tissue

protection, secretion, absorption, diffusion

epitheilal tissues have the____

fastest cell mitotic/replication rate

What tissue is mostly cells and very little extracellular fluid (matrix)

epithelial tissues

Epithelial tissues contain the most…

cell junctions

Epithelial tissues are classified as

avascular

What gives you hints about function of that specific tissue

cell shape and layering

what epithelial tissues is also referred to as

lining tissue

Basement membrane

epithelial tissues adheres to the connective tissue just beneath it by a membrane

Glands

composed of epithelial cells and therefore are considered in the epithelial tissue

how are the different types of epithelial tissues classified

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

where are squamous epithelial tissues found

alvoli, blood vessels (allow things to enter easily; diffusion/osmosis)

where cuboidal epithelial tissues are found

glands (absorb/store)

where columnar epithelial tissues are found

digestive tract, trachea (absorb/store)

squamous

cubodial

columnar

Simple meaning

one layer

straified meaning

mutliple layers (protection)

where nerve tissue is found

Brain, spinal cord (C.N.S); all other nerves (P.N.S)

two types of nerve cells

neurons (sends nerve impulses); neuroglia (take care of neurons; don’t send nerve impulses)

Main parts of a neurons

cell body, dedrite, axon, myelin

cell body function

contains nucleus and other organelles (main)

dendrite function

receives electrical impulse; receives info from other neurons

axon function

relays the information to its next destination

myelin

covers parts of axon; increases speed of impulses and keeps nerve impulses inside

Functions of nerve tissue

create and sends nerve impulses throughout the body also to support nerve tissue itself

Neurons cell replication

Slow to no cell replication

neuroglia cell replication

Can replicate

Nerve tissue is considered

vascular

Nervous tissue has blank but more than connective tissue

Few Cell junctions

functions of muscle tissue

Main function is to produce force for motion. Secondary functions are thermogenesis, used to maintain posture, and helps control organ volume.

Nervous tissues have many _____ cells but fewer _____ with ____ matrix between

Neuroglia; neurons; little

Muscle tissues have ___ cells with ____ matrix between cells

Many; little

Muscle fiber

Same as muscle cell

Muscle atrophy

When muscle fibers decreased in size due to non-use or disease

Muscle hypertrophy

When muscle fibers increase in size due to strenuous in aerobic use (sprinting, weightlifting)

Voluntary muscles

When muscle fibers that are under our conscious control to contract

Involuntary muscle fibers

Muscle fibers that are not under our conscious control to contract

Thermogenesis

The production of heat has a result of muscle contraction and relaxation

Muscle fatigue

when a muscle fiber can no longer contract

muscle contraction

the shortening of a muscle fiber to produce force

What smooth muscle is also referred to as

Visceral

three types of muscle tissue

smooth, cardiac, skeletal

where smooth muscle tissue is found

digestive tract, blood vessels, lining hallow organs (iris; small instestines)

where cardiac muscle tissue is found

heart

cardiac muscle tissue characteristics

strigated; involuntary

where skeletal muscle tissues are found

attached by tendons

Voluntary or Involuntary: skeletal muscle tissue

voluntary

striations

alternating light and dark cross-marking on some types of muscle tissue

do all three muscle tissues have striations

smooth doesn’t

voluntary meaning

you make it happen after thinking

involuntary meaning

do not have to think to work

cell junction

points of contact between the plasma membranes of cells

tight junction

fluid tight cells

location of tight junction

stomach, small intestines, urinary bladder

anchoring junction

holds cells to other cells or other structures

where anchoring junctions are most common

common in tissues subjected to friction and stretching

location of anchoring junctions

outer layer of skin, muscles, gastrointestinal tract

Gap junction

permits electrical signals and chemical molecules to pass from cell to cell