world war 1

when did WW1 started and ended

18th July 1914- 11th November 1918

what was the spark that started ww1

the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

which countries was in the allied powers

france, britain and russia

which countries was in the central powers

germany, austria-hungary

where was WW1 fought in

western front

france- western

belgium- neutral

russia- east

why did Italy switch sides at the start

because the Allied powers offered them substantial territorial gains at the expense of their historical rival, Austria-Hungary.

who used chlorine gas against the soldiers first

central

define dreadnought

revolutionary class of 20th-century battleship that transformed global naval warfare

which new british tech was used at the somme

tanks

how was america involved before sending troops

weapons + artillery

what was the militarism of WW1

-european countries built their armies and navies

-leaders believed that strong armed forces would protect their countries and make them feel powerful

-created an arms race between germany + britain

what was the alliances of WW1

-countries formed alliances for protections

-triple alliances=germany, austria-hungary

triple extents= france, britain and UK

-alliance meant a conflict between 2 countries could involve many others

what was the imperialism of WW1

-european powers competed for colonies and empires

-colonies gave countries wealth, resources and strategic power

-creates tension between france, britain and germany

what was the nationalism of WW1

-strong pride and loyalty to our nation

-unite with people but make countries aggressive and competitive in places like the Balkans

-nationalism encourage groups to seek independence and create instability

what weapons are used for the trench warfare

machine guns, heavy artillery(large guns that fire huge shells) poison gas, tanks, aircrafts and submarines

what was europe like before WW1

what are mustard, chlorine and phosphene gases used for

its used to impede enemies then they would cross “no mans land” to envade the enemy trenches

what were the conditions like in the trench warfare

brutal, unsanitary, psychologically devastating and muddy (diseases, trench foot etc)

diagram of the machine gun dug out

information about the western front

-main theatre of war in europe

-ran from belgium coast to the swiss border

-germans enacted the schlieffen plan(take France in 6 weeks and the return to fight Russia)

-over the cause of war, the german trenches was pushed back and back slowly and many deaths

-AU arrived in 1916 after gallipoli

-enormous trench system stretched the entire length of the front because of the new weapons made defense much easier than attack

-defense was easier than attack which made the war last long

-its the war of attrittion meaning whoever was the last one standing would win the war of huge death fall

information of the battle of somme(pozieres)

-extermly deadly campaign that happened between july and november 1916(19km long)

-allies succeeded but they only pushed germany back in 8km, used 1.5m shells in a week, and allies lost 620,000 and german lost 500,000

-1st, 2nd and 4th divisions of AU soldiers fought in pozieres, its important because it was on high ground

information of the opening shipping routes to russia

-the gallipoli campaign was intended to open up a shipping route for allies between europe and russia in 1915