Nervous System 1 (Stops a 28:30)

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

• CNS

• PNS

What does the central nervous system include?

Brain and Spinal Cord

What does the peripheral nervous system include?

Structures outside the brain and Spinal cord

• cranial nerves

• spinal nerves

What are the two other divisions of the PNS?

• Somatic

• Autonomic

Which division of the PNS is responsible for voluntary control?

• uses skeletal muscles

Somatic PNS

Which division of the PNS is responsible for involuntary control?

• uses smooth muscle

  • heart

  • glands

Autonomic PNS

The Autonomic PNS further divides into what two divisions?

• Sympathetic

• Parasympathetic

What division of the autonomic PNS is being described?

• Activated when we are put in situations of fight or flight

• Makes more blood circulate throughout body by

  • increasing heart rate

  • forcing contractions

• Increases respiratory rate

• increases dilation of bronchi in the lungs

• increase in pupil dilation

Sympathetic Autonomic PNS

What are the four E’s that stimulate our Sympathetic Autonomic PNS ?

• Exercise

• Emergency

• Excitement

• Embarrassment

What are the three D’s that happens during Parasympathetic Autonomic PNS?

• Diuresis

• Digestion

• Defecation

What division of the autonomic PNS is being described?

• “rest and digest.”

• Decreases heart rate

• Decreases respiratory rate

• decreases pupil dilation

• decreased dilation of bronchi in lungs

• maintain homeostasis

Parasympathetic Autonomic PNS

The parasympathetic and the sympathetic autonomic PNS are?

Opposites of each other

What are the two major sections of the brain?

• Cerebrum

  • Four lobes

• Cerebellum

  • Little brain

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

• Frontal

• Parietal

• Temporal

• Occipital

Which lobe of the Cerebrum interprets sounds?

Temporal

Which lobe of the Cerebrum interprets Vision?

Occipital

Which lobe of the Cerebrum interprets Touch, pain, and pressure?

Parietal

Which lobe of the Cerebrum interprets:

• Memory

• Behavior

• Judgement

• Problem-Solving

• Written and motor speech

Frontal

What helps coordinate voluntary muscle movement?

• like posture and balance coordination

Cerebellum

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

• Midbrain

• Pons

• Medulla Oblongata

What are Meninges?

A protective layer that cushion the brain and spinal cord

What are the three meningeal layers? (outside to inside)

• Dura Matter

• Subarachnoid Matter

• Pia Matter

Which meningeal layer is being described?

• Innermost layer

• Attached to your brain tissue and spinal cord

• Contains blood vessels

• Supplies Oxygen and nutrients

• Takes out Waste

Pia Matter

Which meningeal layer is being described?

• Middle layer

• Contains CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)

  • in the subarachnoid space between Pia and layer

Subarachnoid Matter

What does the cerebrospinal fluid do for the brain?

Protect and acts as a shock absorber

Which meningeal layer is being described?

• Outermost layer

• Layer that is right next to our skull

Dura Matter

What works together to protect the brain and the spinal cord?

• Act as a shock absorber

  • cushions impact

• Meninges

• CSF

What is known as the “little brain”

Cerebellum

What are the two kinds of special cells that make up the nervous system?

• Neurons

• Neuroglia

What are the parts of the neuron that we need to know?

• Cell body

• Dendrites

• Axon

  • Myelin Sheath

  • Nodes of Ranvier

• Axon Terminal

What part of the neuron interprets incoming signals received from dendrites and generates an appropriate outgoing signal?

Cell body

What part of the neuron receives incoming signals and delivers it to the cell body?

• branches off cell body

Dendrites

What part of the neuron is the pathway that signals from the cell body use to leave the neuron?

Axon

What part of the neuron communicates with other cells and is known as the “communication center?

Axon terminal

What is the pathway of the signals through a neuron?

• Receiving information comes in through the Dendrites

• Dendrites bring the information to the cell body

• Cell body interprets information and makes a response

• The response is sent out of the cell body through the axon

• The axon brings it to the axon terminals

• The axon terminals communicates with other cells so that the response goes through

What wraps around the axon and leaves spaces?

Myelin Sheath

What are the little spaces that are left by the Myelin Sheath?

Nodes of Ranvier

What is the Myelin Sheath and the Nodes of Ranvier important?

It helps speed up the action potential down the axon

• instead of just moving through the axon, it jumps from myelin sheath to myelin sheath

What are the cells in the CNS that produce Myelin?

Oligodendrocytes

What are the cells in the PNS that produce Myelin?

Schwann Cells