Unit 2 Key Terms (Pt 2 - President, SCOTUS, Bureaucracy)

Lame-Duck President

A president that has diminished power and influence They are just on standby until the next president comes to take their place

Impeachment

A system in which people try to get rid of a governing officer

Signing Statements

A statement written by the president, determining how they will execute it and what they think it means

State of The Union

This is when presidents state what the future in our country is going to be like, and how are country is holding up at the moment of the address.

Veto

An action a president can take to say no to a bill. Then it has to restart the bill process all over again

Pocket Veto

When a president puts something aside and doesn't make any action on it so it can just be untouched

Line item Veto

When a president rejects certain parts of the bill, while accepting others

Bully pulpit

a public office or position of authority that provides its occupant with an outstanding opportunity to speak out on any issue.

Commander-in-Chief

The person who controls the armed forces of the country

Bargaining and Persuasion

Where people convince the president to due something specific that benefits them.

Executive agreements

International agreements made via president without the approval of senate

Executive Orders

Mandatory orders served via president that last for only 90 days

Executive privileges

The Presidential power to withhold private information along with the power to orchestrate legislative and judicial communications

Judicial review

The power the Supreme Court has to review laws and mark them as unconstitutional or not

Judicial activism

The power to overturn the precedent, preserving rights of the citizens

Judicial Restraint

The act in which they leave the decision on a case up to the precedent (stare decisis)

Stare Decisis

This is precedent

Original Jurisdiction

The power for the Supreme Court to hear any case for the first time

Appellate Jurisdiction

This is the after court that can determine how the trial ends after other courts

Bureaucracy

Agencies that are sanctioned via Executive branch or others

"Iron triangles"

A balance between the bureaucracy, interest groups and committee,subcommittees

Issue networks

Temporary meetings of interest groups, media people, congressional people, and more to try to influence a policy decision

Merit System

A system in which people get hired via skill and not nepotism or other methods of hiring

Civil Service

A system in which non military and non government people brought in based on non partisan beliefs

Political Patronage

This is a system in which the people who support the candidates get stuff in return like jobs or other things

Power of the Purse

This is the power (given to Congress) that controls how tax laws (and other money) are planned and acted upon

Committee hearing

A formal meeting of the congressional committee to oversee debate and government activities

Congressional Oversight

The congressional power to oversee the executive branch

Bureaucratic Discussion

The study of bureaucratic practices

Compliance monitoring

The process of monitoring committees

Bureaucratic agencies

These are special agencies (typically sanctioned via executive branch)

Bureaucratic commissions

Commissions created by congress that affect the public

Bureaucratic departments

These are organizational units that tend to enforce laws and policies

Government Corporations

Similar to a private company, but operated via congress