soc225 - c8-10

non government organization (NGO)

a non profit group that operates indepdendently of the government. In the justice system, often provide services like counseling, housing an legal advocacy

john howard soceity of canada

a national NGO that advocates for men and boys in the justice system. They focus in effective, human responses and help with reintegration

elizabeth fry society of canada

a national NGO that advocates for women and girls in the justice system. they focus n the specific needs of incarcerated womrn, such as mother-child programs and trauma support

social return on investment (SROI)

a method for measuring the extra financial value (like social, economic or environmental benefits) created by a program

Issues non-profits deal with: 

1. administration

2. SROI

NGO qualities

1. Focus on long term solutions 

2. Focus on changing behaviour 

3. Focus on risk factors 

4. Live in the now and the future 

5. Process based 

6. Goal is to reduce recidivism 

7. Programs 

8. Work with victims

9. Research  

10. Super quick to change! 

CJS qualities

1. Short term thinking 

2. Focused on punishment, guilt etc

3. More focused on the specific criminal event (the crime) 

4. COJ lives in the past boooo 

5. Outcome based 

6. Gov/coj increase crime (going to jail, 

7. Punishment for deterrence 

8. Coj ignores victims 

9. politics/public 

10. Severely slow to change 

John howard society offices

2019 - 63 offices across canada - no hierarchy - flat family

840 employees and 1522 volunteers

whats the difference between john howard v elizabeth fry

1. E-fry is smaller – 1/10th of the size 

2. The second reason – the biggest reason – they only work with FEMALE OFFENDERS (usually a smaller population ~20% the population)

how to achieve a socially justice country

1. Human dignity is the ethical foundation of moral society – work toward human dignity for all people 

2.  Work towards: Community and common good 

3. Rights and responsibilities are met – everyone has the Right to participate in the country – as well as the Responsibility in trying too make an effort in the country (eg. jury duty) 

4. A socially just country will make priority for the poor and most vulnerable people in society – the true test of a strong society is how they treat their most vulnerable 

5. Participation – everyone has the right to participate – in politics, social life, following trends etc 

6. The dignity of your workers – capitalism will not take precedence over your workers 

7. Solidarity – the recognition that we are all one human race regardless of anything 

8. Stewardship 

9.   Promote peace – peace within nation, peace on the world stage

10. Governenance – if you want to be socially just,, you neendagovernment and law and the social strcuturesw all set up to promote points 1-9 – if you dont have a gov thast doesnt give a f about points 1-9 then you wont get anything done (this is a must)

our CJS focuses on the past

police tries to arest for something you did in the past

cjs ocuses on guilt and punishment

cjs focuses on guilt and punishment

the crime is against the state, not the victime

“r = vs…” = regina = government

the cjs is adversarial

the one with the better lawyer is most likely the winner

punishment is used for deterrence

punishment is used for deterrence

cjs does not hold the offender accountable

cjs is corrupt lol

cjs ignores victims

again, corrupt

municipal policing

police services that provide law engorcement withing a specific city or town

policing: provinical

law enforcement that operatesa t the provinical level, primarily in ruralareas and on provincial highways

key groups: OPP (ontario), SQ (quebec), RNC(Newfoundland)

policing: federal

matters of national interest that cross provincial or international borders

• the RCMP

indigenous policing

first nations and inuit policing program (FNIPP)

to provide indigenous communities with policing that is effective, professional and culturally

what can the police do to you?

least severe - warning, (stop and questioning) ticket , search, (detain) arrest. - most severe

arrest

can include:

• promise to appear in courth

• jail

• can keep you as a flight risl if it is not beneficial to public safety

police units

drugs, homicide, patrol, traffic

• usually have around 10 people since its all they really need

• 50% of cops belong to patrol

1972 Kansas city preventative patrol experiment

The amount of random motorized patrol had no effect on crime rates, citizen fear, or police response time.

Significance: It proved that "randomly driving around" is not an effective way to prevent crime, leading to more targeted policing strategies.

conclusion: random patrol leads to random results — ie. patrol does nothing

father of patrol

sir robert peel

3 philosophies of doing justice

1. distributive

2. restorative

3. retributive

reactive justice

• canada chose this

wait for a crime to happen → deal with a crime that occured in the past - lives 100% in the past

• more expensive, does not deal with risk factors (biggest issue)

• other countries are reactionary but they do it better (sweden, norway, netherlands, australia)

proactive justice

a philosophy of justice that uses data, community partnerships and environmental changes to precent crime before it occurs

• trying to be better at reacting at crime (faster etc)

• expensive and does. not deal with risk factors

preventative jusitce

it chagnes the environment or provides social support to ensure the crime never happens in the first place

• might be financially suitable

• however, not the best for political compaigsn as it offers benefits that take a while (10+ years)

  • reactive works best for political campaigns

restorative justice

to repair harm caused by crime by involving the victim, offender and the community in a process of healing and accountability

eg. canada and indigenous population

australia and indigenous population

• considered hard to do

• also invented by a white guy bro just stop

restorative

harm done to a person

make reparations

trying to restore the victim as they were prior to the event

retribution

harm done to the law

serve as a punishment found guilty

punishment is imposed because it is morally right for an offender to suffer for their crimes. the punishment must be proportional to the harm caused

good lives theory

strengths based rehab model that reduces crime by helping offender develop the skills and resources to achieve primary goods

• relatedness, agency and excellence

un legal and healthy ways

primary goods

life

knowledge

excellence at work

excellence at play

excellence at agency - autonomy - ability to say no

inner peace

relatedness

community

spirituality

pleasure

creativity

Canadian model: risks, need, responsibility

the gold standard for offender rehab in canada and is used by the correctional service of canada

risk principle

the who : match the level of service to the offenders risk to reoffend

• highrisk: receive intensive treatment and supervision

• lowrisk: minimal interference

• recidivism

• differential association teory