Clinical Psychology Revision Guide

These flashcards cover key definitions, concepts, criticisms, and treatments related to clinical psychology, specifically focusing on the field of mental health and its various disorders.

Statistical Infrequency (SI) defines behavior as abnormal if it falls outside of the __________ or is statistically uncommon.

mean

Deviation from social/cultural norms (DFSN) defines behavior as abnormal if it violates __________ about what is acceptable behavior.

unwritten rules (social norms)

Failure to Function Adequately (FFA) defines behavior as abnormal if an individual is unable to cope with the __________ of everyday life.

demands

Jahoda proposed 6 criteria for Deviation from Ideal Mental Health (DFIMH) including Environmental mastery, Self-attitudes, Integration, Autonomy, Accurate perception of __________, and Personal growth & self-actualisation.

reality

A key issue with the definition of Statistical Infrequency is that it fails to distinguish between desirable & __________ characteristics.

undesirable

One major limitation of Deviation from Social Norms is that it lacks __________ and can be considered era dependent.

temporal validity

An example of Failure to Function Adequately might be feeling panic & anxiety in social groups and therefore __________ them.

avoiding

One issue with DFIMH is that it is an __________ criterion which would make most of us abnormal.

unrealistic

The behavioural approach to explaining phobias is known as the __________ model, which includes classical and operant conditioning.

two-process

Systematic desensitisation involves creating a desensitisation __________ that ranks situations from least fearful to most fearful.

hierarchy

Flooding therapy involves immediate exposure to the __________ situation.

most frightening

Beck’s negative triad states that individuals develop a negative view of the self, the world, and the __________.

future

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) aims to challenge __________ thoughts that contribute to depression.

irrational

Genetic explanations of OCD suggest that multiple genetic __________ create a vulnerability for the disorder.

variations

The neurotransmitter believed to have abnormally low levels associated with OCD is __________.

serotonin

Research by Nestadt reviewed twin studies and found that 68% of __________ twins shared OCD compared to 31% of dizygotic twins.

monozygotic (MZ)

SSRIs, or __________, are a drug treatment that aim to increase the amount of serotonin available in the brain.

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

One criticism of biological treatments is that they treat __________ rather than the underlying causes of OCD.

symptoms

The treatment approach that aims to correct neural imbalances associated with OCD is through the use of __________.

drug therapy

One consequence of irrational thinking in depression, according to Ellis’ ABC model, is emotional __________ from society.

withdrawal

To effectively treat depression, CBT may need to be combined with __________ treatments to stabilize the patient's initial symptoms.

biological