repro path 4 - M

cell types in testicle

germ cells

interstitial / leydig cells

sertoli cells

cell types in testicle - germ cells features

seminiferous tubules → spermatogenesis

cell types in testicle - leydig cells features

produce androgens + oestrogens from LH

cell types in testicle - sertoli cells features

support germ cells

secrete androgen binding protein into ductular lumen for spermatogenesis

Cuboidal cells

testicular hypoplasia - causes

toxins, hormone imbalance, Zn deficiency, hybrids

testicular hypoplasia - associated with

cryptorchid, chromosome abnormalities

testicular hypoplasia - effects

dec spermatogenesis

cryptorchidism - def

incomplete descent of testis

cryptorchidism - effect if abd (not inguinal)

torsion, swollen

acute degeneration/ atrophy diagnosis

histo (hydropic degeneration, pyknosis, MNGC, oligo + aspermia

chronic degeneration/ atrophy diagnosis

gross (hypotrophy, fibrosis)

testicular atrophy - causes

trauma

compression

circulatory → H necrosis

infl

inf

nutritional (vit A+E deficiency)

hyperthermia

cryptorchid

ionising radiation

hyperoestrogenism → inh GnRH

hypopituitarism/ neoplasm → dec GnRH

senile atrophy

optimum temp for testicular function

20 degrees

testicular torsion - cause

orchitis, idiopathic

orchitis + epididymitis - causes of purulent + abscess

strept, staph, e coli, arcanobacterium pyogenes

orchitis + epididymitis - route of inf

haematogenous

asc inf

external wound

orchitis + epididymitis - cause in horse

salmonella abortus equi

eq viral arteritis

orchitis + epididymitis - sheep causes

corynebacterium pseudotb

yersinia pseudotb (ticks)

brucella ovis

orchitis + epididymitis - dog causes

e coli, proteus, brucella canis

orchitis + epididymitis - how does brucella canis cause autoimmune disease

ag in blood → ab against sperm

orchitis + epididymitis - cause in cattle

brucella abortus

tb

dystrophic calcification

testicular tumours

seminoma

sertoli cell tumour

interstitial/ leydig tumour

teratoma

Seminoma gross

Poor demarcation

Sertoli cell tumour gross

Demarcated

sertoli cell tumour - CS

feminisation

bilateral alopecia

cutaneous hyperpigmentation

opposite testis atrophy

pendulous prepuce

gynecomastia

M attraction

BM suppression

prostate sq epi metaplasia

interstitial / leydig cell tumour - gross

soft, orange, well demarcated, buldging, H, cystic spaces, 1-2cm

prostate atrophy cause

castration, oestrogens

prostate sq metaplasia cause

chronic inf, oestrogen

prostatitis - cause

bact inf

prostatitis - effects

hyperplasia, abscess

prostatic hyperplasia - gross

diffuse dor expansion → compress colon → difficult defecation

prostatic hyperplasia - associated with

cysts, prostatitis, inc androgens

prostatic tumours

adenocarcinoma

non differentiated carcinoma

[prostatic carcinoma gross

Irregular asymmetrical enlargment

hypospadias/ epispadias - def

malformed urethral canal → abnormal opening

hypo=ven

epi=dor

hypospadias/ epispadias - predisposes to

UTI

hypospadias/ epispadias - treatment

castration

persistent frenulum - def

band between ven raphe of penis + prepuce stays after puberty

persistent frenulum - effect

intromission impossible

phalloposthitis def

entire penis + prepuce

balanoposthitis def

glans penis + prepuce

balanoposthitis + phalloposthitis - causes

BHV1, EHV3

balanoposthitis + phalloposthitis - spread

venereally

fibropapilloma - animal

bull <3yrs

fibropapilloma - cause

bovine papilloma virus 1

Fibropapilloma gross

Traumatised, ulcerated

Sq cell papilloma - gross

Finger like projections extending outwards

SCC - gross

Ulceration, H, necrosis

Sarcoids - def

Locally invasive sc fibrous nodules

Sarcoids - Cause

Bovine papilloma virus 1

Transmissible venereal tumour spread

Venereal