Key Medical Conditions and Concepts Overview

Iron Deficiency and Thalassemia

A disease associated with microcytic hypochromic anemia.

RBC, WBC, Platelets

The three blood components.

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

The three leukocytes with granules.

Cytopenia

A condition wherein there is leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.

Pulmonary Stenosis

One of the components of tetralogy of fallot.

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

One of the components of tetralogy of fallot.

Overriding aorta

One of the components of tetralogy of fallot.

Ventricular Septal Defect

One of the components of tetralogy of fallot and a congenital heart disease characterized by an opening in the intraventricular septum.

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

A diagnostic test wherein a sample of blood is taken from an artery in the wrist to measure the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in your blood as well as the bicarbonate level.

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Another term for croup.

Chronic bronchitis

One of the two chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).

Emphysema

One of the two chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD).

Pneumothorax

A condition where air leaks into the space between your lung and chest wall, resulting in a collapsed lung.

Gingivitis

Inflammation of the gums.

Sialadenitis

Inflammation of the salivary gland.

Crohn's disease

One of the two chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.

Ulcerative colitis

One of the two chronic inflammatory bowel diseases.

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix.

Hemodialysis

One of the two types of dialysis.

Peritoneal dialysis

One of the two types of dialysis.

Glomerular filtration

One of the processes in urine formation.

Reabsorption

One of the processes in urine formation.

Secretion

One of the processes in urine formation.

Eye opening

One of the three parameters used in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

Verbal response

One of the three parameters used in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

Motor response

One of the three parameters used in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

Severe headache

One of the signs of increased intracranial pressure.

Vomiting

One of the signs of increased intracranial pressure.

Vision Changes

One of the signs of increased intracranial pressure.

Spina Bifida Occulta

One of the three types of Spina Bifida.

Meningocele

One of the three types of Spina Bifida.

Myelomeningocele

One of the three types of Spina Bifida.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

A progressive degenerative disease affecting both upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron.

Hydrocephalus

A condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the skull compressing the brain tissue and blood vessels.

Eustachian tube

A structure that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx.

Nystagmus

A vertical, horizontal, rotary, or mixed rhythmic involuntary movement of the eyes.

Chalazion

A nodule or cyst resolving from obstruction of the meibomian gland.

Exophthalmia

Abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs.

Optic disc

The blind spot of the eye; it has rods and cones.

Cretinism

Hypothyroidism in children.

Myxedema

Hypothyroidism in adults.

Acromegaly

An abnormality in excessive growth hormone production.

Gigantism

An abnormality in excessive growth hormone production.

Cushing syndrome

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids.

Melanin

A pigment produced by melanocytes which determines the color of the skin.

Warts

A skin lesion caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).

Albinism

A condition that resolves from a recessive trait leading to a lack in melanin production.

Stratum Basale

Layer of the epidermis wherein there is active mitotic activity.