Computer Systems and Networking Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding computer systems, networking, information security, and online advertising as discussed in the lecture notes.

Explain abstraction

hides low-level hardware details so programmers can use simpler, high-level interfaces without knowing how the system works internally.

Virtualization

builds on abstraction by creating virtual versions of physical resources, allowing multiple virtual machines to run on one physical system. This improves efficiency, flexibility, and isolation between applications.

How does the internet function with out one sole Governance

The Internet works without a central authority because it consists of many independent networks that communicate using standardized protocols. allowing them to connect and share data. This standardization enable the Internet to function efficiently and scale.

Layered Stacks

Used in standard networking models to support modularity and allow each layer to communicate without knowledge of other layers.

Service-oriented Architecture (SOA)

A modular design made up of independent services that perform specific tasks and communicate through standard inputs and outputs.

Modular Information Systems

Allows division of complex systems into subsystems, enabling easier updates and limiting the impact of changes.

Search Ads Effectiveness

Search ads are more effective because they match user intent, targeting individuals actively searching for something.

Social Media Advertising Targeting

Platforms collect and analyze user data to show relevant ads based on user interests and behavior.

Online Advertising Advantages

More effective due to precise targeting, real-time measurability, and flexibility in campaign adjustments.

Asymmetric Encryption

Involves a public and private key pair, where data encrypted with the public key can only be decrypted with the private key.

Public vs Private Cloud Cost

Public cloud is usually cheaper because resources are shared among users, while private cloud incurs costs related to dedicated hardware.

Modularity in Information Systems

Used in systems to separate components, like UI and databases, allowing updates without affecting the entire system.

'Facebook is Free' Concept

Refers to how users exchange their data and attention for free access to the platform, which sells targeted ads.

OSI vs TCP/IP Philosophy

OSI is a theoretical model defining all details, while TCP/IP is practical, removing the physical layer for flexibility.

Tiered Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

Categorize ISPs based on their connection levels: Tier 1 (backbone), Tier 2 (regional networks), and Tier 3 (local, consumer-facing).

Advertising Effectiveness Statement

Highlights the difficulty in measuring ad effectiveness, leading to overspending to ensure target audience reach.

Virtualization in SOA and Microservices

Allows applications to run as smaller components on separate hardware, improving efficiency and flexibility.

Target Data Breach Sequence

Involved phishing, unauthorized access through a shared portal, malware upload, and stealing customer data.

Information Security Realism

It is unrealistic to prevent all incidents, as systems can be exploited; focus should be on risk reduction.

Ignoring Online Advertising Reasons

Users ignore ads due to irrelevance, desensitization, low quality, and perceptions of intrusiveness.

APIs and Coupling

enable loose coupling by allowing components to communicate through standardized interfaces instead of direct connections.

Need for Security Features

Passwords, multi-factor authentication, and passkeys address security issues like user identification and phishing.

Basic Actions for Information Security

Control access, block unauthorized entry, limit data use, and monitor systems.

Platforms as Operating Systems

Online platforms provide infrastructure that facilitates interaction among users, developers, and hardware, similar to OS functions.

TCP/IP Layer Roles

Application layer (user services), Transport layer (communication), Internet layer (routing data), Network Access layer (physical transmission).

Cloud Migration Reasons

Reduced costs, increased scalability, and decreased operational burden on businesses.