Energy Production, Security & Management

Flashcards based on energy production, demand, and management for IGCSE Geography exam preparation.

What are the two main causes of increased energy demand?

Population growth and development.

What is energy poverty?

When people do not have access to modern energy supplies.

What percentage of the world's primary energy is supplied by fossil fuels?

84%.

Which countries have the highest energy consumption per person?

Developed countries such as Canada, Norway, and Saudi Arabia.

What percentage of the energy mix do renewables currently constitute?

11%.

What is a significant environmental concern related to energy sources?

Pollution and global warming.

What is an energy gap?

When a country cannot meet energy demand with its own resources.

Name one major producer of fossil fuels for primary energy.

USA.

Define energy security.

An uninterrupted, affordable, and accessible energy supply.

How is energy security threatened?

By energy sources running out, war/conflict, natural hazards, and political disputes.

What are non-renewable energy sources?

Finite energy sources that will eventually run out, including gas, oil, coal, and nuclear.

What is a major disadvantage of coal as an energy source?

It releases CO2, one of the main greenhouse gases.

What is a major advantage of nuclear energy?

No greenhouse gas emissions.

What are renewable energy sources?

Energy sources that are infinite and will not run out, including hydroelectric, wave/tidal, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass/waste.

What is an advantage of hydroelectric power?

Reliable with no greenhouse gas emissions.

What is a disadvantage of using solar energy?

It is not reliable and only works when it is sunny.

What can individuals do to reduce energy use?

Use public transport, insulate homes, and buy energy-efficient appliances.

What is the International Energy Agency's estimate regarding electricity access?

1.2 billion people have no access to electricity.

What percentage of urban areas in Nepal rely on fuelwood?

36%.

What is the primary source of electricity in Nepal?

Hydropower.

What is the ecological footprint?

A measure of the impact on the environment.

What is the carbon footprint?

A measure of the impact in terms of greenhouse gases produced.

Name one reason for increased energy use in Asia post-2000.

Increased consumption per head due to rising wealth.

What do developed countries generally have compared to developing countries in terms of energy?

Higher ecological footprints.

What is an advantage of wind energy?

No greenhouse gas emissions.

What is a challenge of wave/tidal energy?

Can affect marine ecosystems.

What are strategies for national energy management?

Invest in renewable technologies and educate the population about energy conservation.

What is the focus of UN sustainable development goal 7?

To ensure access to affordable and clean energy.

What is the issue with fossil fuel usage?

It creates pollution and emits greenhouse gases.

How many hydropower plants are currently in Norway?

Over 1500.

What has Norway done to encourage the switch to electric cars?

Provided subsidies for installation of solar panels.

What is one major advantage of geothermal energy?

Uses waste or biofuels that can regrow.

What is a disadvantage of biomass energy?

Can produce air pollution and greenhouse gases.

Which renewable energy source has the potential for large-scale energy production?

Hydroelectric energy.

What type of energy source is nuclear considered?

Non-renewable energy source.

What environmental impacts stem from coal mining?

It can destroy habitats and lead to acid rain.

What is one of the goals of energy efficiency initiatives?

To reduce energy waste.

What impact did the micro-hydro plant have in Darbang, Norway?

Improved living standards and reduced reliance on traditional fuels.

What is the carbon reduction strategy employed by Norway?

Encouraging the population to switch to electric vehicles.

How does increasing wealth affect energy demand?

People tend to buy more appliances and technology that require energy.

What is one advantage of using natural gas over other fossil fuels?

It is less polluting than coal.

What demographic change influence energy demand?

Urbanization and population growth.

What is one of the roles of governments in energy management?

To set regulations for energy conservation.

What is the world's largest energy exporter?

Norway.

What has increased public pressure on governments regarding energy?

Concerns about the environmental impact of fossil fuels.

What did the International Energy Agency report regarding biomass dependency?

Approximately 2.7 billion people rely on biomass for cooking.

Why is energy management essential for future generations?

To ensure they have access to necessary energy resources.