ANAPHY - MUSCLES

50%

more than ___ of body weight is muscle

proteins and water

muscle is made up of

arrector pili muscles

there are muscles in the root of your hair that give you goose bumps

17 muscles

it takes __ muscles to smile

eye

the hardest working muscle is in the

Gluteus Maximus

the largest muscle in your body is the

Muscles

are responsible for all movement of the body

42

it takes __ muscles to frown

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

There are three basic types of muscle

cardiac muscle

skeletal muscle

smooth muscle

Skeletal

found in limbs, Striated, multinucleated, voluntary

cardiac

found in heart, Striated, 1 nucleus, involuntary

skeletal

Found in viscera, Not striated, 1 nucleus, involuntary

skeletal

cardiac

cardiac

skeletal and smooth

this type of muscles are elongated

Muscle fibers

other term for muscle cells

protein fibers

Contraction of a muscle is due to movement of microfilaments or

myo and mys

prefixes that refers to muscles

sacro

prefixes that means flesh

triangular

shapes of muscles in shoulder, neck

spindle

shapes of muscles in arms, legs

Flat

shapes of muscles in diaphragm, forehead

Circular

shapes of muscles in mouth, anus

skeletal muscles

Produce movement, maintain posture, generate heat, stabilize joints

skeletal muscles

Most are attached by tendons to bones

tendons

are mostly composed of collagen fibers

skeletal muscles

Most are attached by tendons to bones - Cells have more than one nucleus (multinucleated) - Striated - have stripes, banding - Voluntary - subject to conscious control - Tendons are mostly made of collagen fibers - Found in the limbs - Produce movement, maintain posture, generate heat, stabilize joints

skeletal muscles

Typically 50-60mm in diameter, and up to 10cm long

myofibrils

The contractile elements of skeletal muscle cells are

smooth muscles

No striations - Spindle shaped - Single nucleus - Involuntary- no conscious control - Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs - Lines walls of viscera - Found in longitudinal or circular arrangement - Alternate contraction of circular & longitudinal muscle in the intestine leads to peristalsis

smooth muscles

Actin and myosin filaments are present (protein fibers) in

cardiac muscles

Striations - Branching cells - Involuntary - Found only in the heart - Usually has a single nucleus, but can have more than one - Main muscle of heart - Pumping mass of heart - Critical in humans - Heart muscle cells behave as one unit - Heart always contracts to it’s full extent

cardiac muscles

Cardiac muscle cells (fibres) are short, branched and interconnected - Cells are striated & usually have 1 nucleus-Adjacent cardiac cells are joined via electrical synapses (gap junctions) - These gap junctions appear as dark lines and are called intercalated discs

skeletal muscles

Voluntary movement of skeletal parts • Spans joints and attached to skeleton • Multi-nucleated, striated, cylindrical fibres

smooth muscles

Found in walls of hollow internal organs • Involuntary movement of internal organs • Elongated, spindle shaped fibre with single nucleus

cardiac muscles

Found in the heart • Involuntary rhythmic contraction • Branched, striated fibre with single nucleus and intercalated discs

Central Nervous System

Skeletal is controlled by what nervous control

autonomic nervous system

Cardiac Muscle is controlled by what nervous control

autonomic nervous system

Smooth is controlled by what nervous control

twitch and tetanus

Types of Responses

twitch

A single brief contraction. Not a normal muscle function

Tetanus

One contraction immediately followed by another. Muscle never completely returns to a relaxed state. Effects are compounded

ATP

Energy is stored in the muscles in the form of

ATP

comes from the breakdown of glucose during Cellular Respiration

Mitochondria of the cell

ATP forms in the

true

When a muscle is fatigued (tired) it is unable to contract because of lack of Oxygen

Isotonic and Isometric

Exercise and Muscles

isotonic

muscles shorten and movement occurs (most normal exercise)

isometric

tension in muscles increases, no movement occurs (pushing one hand against the other)

insertion

attachment to an immovable bone

Origin

attachment to a movable bone

2 points

Muscles are always attached to at least

insertion and origin

what is the first and second arrow

650 muscles

how many muscles in the human body?

move, maintain posture and generate heat

function of skeletal system are

sternocleidomastoid muscles

one of the 20 muscles in neck flexes and rotates head

temporalis

elevate and retract mandible

masseter

muscle in jaw. elevate and retract the mandible

trapezius

muscle in the scapula. extend the head, abduct, elevate, or depress the scapula

latissimus dorsi

extend, abduct, rotate arm medially, dorsal

deltoid

abduct, flex, extend arm

biceps brachii

flexes elbow joint

triceps brachii

extend elbow joint

pectoralis major

breast

rectus abdominus

flexes abdomen

external oblique

compress abdomen

diapgraphm

inspiration

flexor carpi

Flexes wrist

Extends wrist

extensor carpi

Flexor digitorum

flexes fingers

Extensor digitorum

Extends fingers

pronator

Pronates

supinator

supinates

rectus femoris

extends thigh and extends lower leg

Sartorius

flexes thigh and rotates thigh laterally

gracilis

adducts and flexes thigh

gastrocnemius

plantar flexes foot and flex lower leg, calf

biceps femoris

extends thigh and flexes lower leg

gluteus maximus

extends and rotates thigh laterally

tibialis anterior

dorsiflexes and inverts foot