Aging Adult Client: Sensory Disorders and Hematological Disorders

A comprehensive collection of key vocabulary terms related to sensory and hematological disorders for exam preparation.

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Progressive damage to the macula leading to loss of central vision, the most common cause of vision loss in adults over 60.

Cataracts

Clouding of the lens due to age, leading to decreased visual acuity and difficulty with night driving.

Glaucoma

Increased intraocular pressure due to blocked drainage of aqueous humor, causing optic nerve damage and peripheral vision loss.

Diabetic Retinopathy

Damage to retinal blood vessels from diabetes, leading to potential vision loss.

Conductive Hearing Loss

Hearing loss due to issues in the outer or middle ear, often correctable.

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Hearing loss due to problems in the inner ear, nerves, or brain, often permanent.

Presbycusis

Age-related hearing loss characterized by a gradual, bilateral loss of high-pitched sounds.

Meniere’s Disease

Disorder of inner ear fluid balance causing vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus.

Anemia

A condition characterized by a decrease in red blood cells, leading to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity.

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Most common type of anemia caused by insufficient iron, leading to small, pale red blood cells.

Vitamin B12 Anemia (Pernicious Anemia)

Anemia due to lack of vitamin B12, resulting in large, fragile red blood cells and neurological symptoms.

Sickle Cell Anemia

Genetic disorder causing abnormal hemoglobin leading to sickle-shaped red blood cells, resulting in pain crises.

Polycythemia Vera

Overproduction of red blood cells leading to hyperviscous blood and increased clot risk.

Thrombocytopenia

Lower than normal platelet count, resulting in increased bleeding risk.

Thrombocytosis

Higher than normal platelet count, potentially leading to increased clot risk.

Leukemia

Cancer characterized by the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells that do not function properly.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder affecting joints and connective tissues.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs and characterized by various systemic symptoms.

Hemophilia

Genetic disorder that impairs the body’s ability to make clots, leading to excessive bleeding.

Clinical Presentation of Anemia

Presents with signs such as fatigue, pallor, and decreased exercise tolerance.

Screening Guidelines for Cancer

Recommendations for cancer screenings to detect diseases early in asymptomatic individuals.

Biopsy

A procedure used to remove samples of tissue for examination to diagnose cancer.