General Geology Test 1

Which is NOT a major rock type.

mineral

What is a major rock type

metamorphic, sedimentary, igneous

Which is NOT a type of Tectonic Boundary?

volcanic

what are the type of tectonic boundary

Divergent, convergent, transform

Which of these property does NOT define what a mineral is?

Soluble

What is an Isotope?

 

Forms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons.

What's the analogy/metaphor I used in the lecture video to describe tectonic plates?

eggshell

What type of igneous rock forms underground?

 

Intrusive

Volcanoes that form on continents are usually more explosive than other volcanoes due to________

 

the higher silica content in the magma that forms them.

Magma can fill in fractures and faults in bedrock that will then harden in big "sheet like" structures. What are these structures called?

Dikes

A felsic rock has more _______ than a mafic rock.

Feldspars (Plagioclase, Potassium Fieldspars, and others that you haven't seen)

Quartz

 Silica (SiO2)

 of a lighter color

ALL OF THESE

Which one is NOT a type of a volcano?

Mesa

which are a type of volcano

cinder cone, composite, shield

What does the VEI index measure?

The relative explosiveness of a volcano

how do we classify igneous rocks

by texture and composition

How do we know that granite was a magma that cooled and turned into a rock underground?

 

It is made out of large crystals that we can see with our eyes.

A magma or lava that cools and turns into a rock is called a__________type of rock. 

igneous

oceanic crust is

mafic

continental crust is

Felsic

If you put acid on the calcite samples and they fizz what is happening?

Chemical Weathering

Some rocks weather and erode faster than others. What's this called?

 

Differential Weathering

Sediment that has traveled a long way down a stream will be...

Well Rounded

_________sedimentary rocks made up of other broken rock fragments.

Clastic/Detrital

This rock is a chemical sedimentary rock:

Limestone

If it's bigger than__mm, it's considered gravel. Smaller than __mm, it's sand. 

2

Ripples, crossbedding and mud cracks, are types of what?

 

Sedimentary Structures

I'm looking at a sedimentary rock. The grains are all quartz sand. It's really well sorted(all grains the same size). The grains are all rounded. And I can see evidence of large crossbedding. 
Where was this rock most likely deposited?

the beach

Gravel, Sand, Silt and Clay are types of what?

Sediment grain sizes

After a sediment has been deposited and buried, what still has to happen for it to become a sedimentary rock?

 

Cementation

What are the two major properties that effect the formation of metamorphic rocks

Heat and Pressure

Regional metamorphism creates what type of texture seen in metamorphic rocks?

Foliation

Where does contact metamorphism occur?

Near magma bodies

How do metamorphic rocks form?

 

From the recrystalization of other rocks

Based on radiometric dating of meteorites/asteroids, how old is the Earth?

4.6 billion years old

A break in time in continuous sedimentary rock layers that is due to erosion is called?

Unconformity

What do we use to numerically date rocks?

Radioactive isotopes

Regarding principles used to determine relative age, what does "Cross Cutting Relationships" recognize?

 

The rock that is cut into is older

What is something that you could use to correlate rock layers to each other across large areas?

Fossils

What's the element that's mostly used to radiometrically date rocks?

Uranium

What's a Half-Life referring to?

 

It's the time it takes for a given amount of radioactive isotope to be reduced by half.

The concept of: "The present is the key to the past" is called what?

Uniformitarianism

When did the dinosaurs go extinct?

 

About 65,000,000 years ago

How many times does 1000 fit into 1 million?

FYI, 1000 is only 0.1% of 1 million. 

I'm just trying to bang into your head just HOW BIG 1 million is. 

1000

Creep is very slow downslope movement of soil.

true

Within the United States, more people have died as a result of landslides than other geologic hazards, such as earthquakes and volcanoes.

true

Humans can trigger landslides by adding water to soil from septic systems or by over watering
lawns.

true

Which of these human actions can contribute to a landslide.

Removing vegetation that holds soil in place.

Building heavy structures on slopes.

Increasing irrigation on a slope.

Cutting roads into the base of a slope.

ALL OF THESE

Gravity is the ultimate decider in whether or not a mass wasting event will occur.

True