Introduction to Chemical Bonds and Reactions

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms related to chemical bonds and reactions as discussed in the lecture.

Covalent Bonds

Bonds formed by the sharing of electrons.

Single Covalent Bond

A type of covalent bond where two electrons are shared between two atoms.

Double Covalent Bond

A covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

Triple Covalent Bond

A covalent bond involving three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms.

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between the nuclei.

Polar Covalent Bond

A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally, leading to a charge difference.

Hydrogen Bonds

Weak attractions between water molecules due to opposite charges.

Chemical Reaction

A process where Bonds are broken and formed to create new substances.

Reactants

The starting materials in a chemical reaction.

Products

The substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

Kinetic Energy

The energy of motion.

Potential Energy

Stored energy based on position or condition.

Decomposition Reaction

A chemical reaction where compounds are broken down into simpler substances.

Synthesis Reaction

A reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound.

Exchange Reaction

A reaction that combines decomposition and synthesis, where parts of two molecules swap.

Hydrolysis Reaction

A reaction involving the breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.

Dehydration Synthesis

The process of joining two molecules together with the removal of water.

Buffer

A substance that helps stabilize pH by minimizing changes in concentration of hydrogen ions.

Electrolytes

Ionic compounds that disassociate in water and can conduct electricity.

Hydrophilic

Substances that are attracted to water and can dissolve in it.

Hydrophobic

Substances that repel water and do not dissolve in it.

True Solution

A homogeneous mixture where the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent.

Colloid

A mixture in which small particles of a substance are dispersed throughout another substance without settling out.

Suspension

A mixture where the solute particles are large enough to settle out over time.

Acid

A substance that donates hydrogen ions in a solution.

Base

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions in a solution.

Isomer

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas.

Polysaccharide

Carbohydrates formed from multiple monosaccharides.

Lipid

Hydrophobic organic compounds made primarily of carbon and hydrogen.

Protein

Biomolecules composed of amino acids, essential for various biological functions.

Nucleotide

The monomer unit of nucleic acids.

Fatty Acid

A hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group, making it an important component of lipids.

Glycerol

A three-carbon molecule that forms the backbone of triglycerides.

Triglyceride

A lipid made of three fatty acids and glycerol.

Eicosanoids

Signaling molecules derived from fatty acids that play key roles in bodily functions.