ADMBS

Which SQL operator keeps duplicate rows?

C. UNION ALL

Which SQL clause arranges records alphabetically?

C. ORDER BY

Which SQL command inserts data into a table?

B. INSERT

Which SQL statement retrieves data?

C. SELECT

Which SQL operator returns rows found in both queries?

B. INTERSECT

Which SQL keyword removes duplicate values?

B. DISTINCT

Which join returns all possible combinations of rows?

B. CROSS JOIN

Which function converts one data type to another?

B. CAST

Which SQL clause filters grouped records?

B. HAVING

Which SQL operator searches for patterns?

C. LIKE

Which SQL command deletes records?

C. DELETE

Which SQL operator specifies a range?

C. BETWEEN

Which join automatically matches columns with the same name?

A. NATURAL JOIN

Which SQL function returns the current date?

A. CURRENT_DATE

Which clause is used to manually specify join conditions?

D. ON

Which join returns all rows from the left table even if no match exists?

B. LEFT OUTER JOIN

Which operator returns rows from the first query not found in the second?

C. MINUS

Which SQL function counts rows?

A. COUNT

A row in a table is called a:

C. Record

A column in a table is called a:

D. Field

Which SQL operator checks equality?

C. =

Which SQL command creates a database?

B. CREATE DATABASE

Which subquery depends on the outer query?

C. Correlated

Which subquery acts as a temporary table?

A. FROM subquery

Which operator returns TRUE if at least one value matches?

B. ANY

Which SQL function calculates total?

C. SUM

Which SQL clause is used to filter records?

B. WHERE

Which SQL command updates existing records?

B. UPDATE

Which function is used to manipulate text values?

D. UPPER

Which SQL operation removes duplicate rows?

A. UNION

Which function checks if a value is numeric?

C. is_numeric()

Which function hashes a password securely?

B. password_hash()

Which superglobal variable collects POST data?

B. $_POST

Which function starts a session?

A. session_start()

PHP variables must begin with:

B. $

Which function verifies a hashed password?

A. password_verify()

$_GET data is visible in the:

C. URL

Which function connects PHP to MySQL?

B. mysqli_connect()

Which function destroys a session?

A. session_destroy()

Which function checks if a variable exists?

A. isset()

Which function checks if a value is empty?

B. empty()

Sessions are stored on the:

C. Server

Which function sends an SQL query?

A. mysqli_query()

PHP was created by:

D. Rasmus Lerdorf

Role-based access control restricts access based on:

C. User role

Which ACID property ensures the permanence of data?

B. Durable

Which ACID property hides intermediate changes?

B. Isolation

Which command cancels a transaction?

C. ROLLBACK

Which command starts a transaction?

A. START TRANSACTION

What is a checkpoint?

A. Recovery point

Which ACID property ensures rules remain valid?

A. Consistency

Default behavior of autocommit?

C. Auto commit

What is COMMIT?

B. Save permanently

Which recovery technique is used after failure?

C. Rollback

Which component restores database?

A. Recovery manager

Which technique keeps copies updated?

B. Disk mirroring

What is an aborted transaction?

C. Unexpected end

Which is NOT a failure cause?

D. Valid input

Which ACID property ensures all-or-nothing?

C. Atomicity

Purpose of backup facility?

A. Restore data

Display employee names with their department names.

B. SELECT name, dept_name FROM Employees JOIN Departments ON Employees.dept_id = Departments.dept_id;

Show all combinations of employees and departments.

B. SELECT * FROM Employees CROSS JOIN Departments;

Show all employees including those without a department.

B. SELECT * FROM Employees LEFT JOIN Departments ON Employees.dept_id = Departments.dept_id;

Display department IDs found in both tables.

B. SELECT dept_id FROM Employees INTERSECT SELECT dept_id FROM Departments;

Combine all department IDs including duplicates.

B. SELECT dept_id FROM Employees UNION ALL SELECT dept_id FROM Departments;

Display employees whose department exists in Departments.

B. SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE dept_id IN (SELECT dept_id FROM Departments);

Display employees with salary greater than any employee in dept 10.

A. SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE salary > ANY (SELECT salary FROM Employees WHERE dept_id = 10);

Display employee names in uppercase.

B. SELECT UPPER(name) FROM Employees;

Count employees per department.

B. SELECT dept_id, COUNT(emp_id) FROM Employees GROUP BY dept_id;

Display departments with total salary greater than 20000.

B. SELECT dept_id, SUM(salary) FROM Employees GROUP BY dept_id HAVING SUM(salary) > 20000;