IB Chemistry - Atomic structure (2)

Mass number

number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Positive ion

cation

Negative ion

anion

Isotopes have the same \___ properties

chemical

Isotopes have different \___ properties

physical

Frequency =

1 / wavelength

Passing en electric discharge through a gas causes...

an electron to be promoted to a higher energy level

Each line in a line spectrum come from...

the transition of an electron from a high energy level to a lower one

At the convergence limit...

the lines merge to form a continuum and the electron is no longer in the atom

Orbital definition

A region of space with a high probability of finding an electron

An orbital can contain max. \___ electrons

2

Within any subshell, the orbitals have...

the same energy (degenerate)

Pauli Exclusion Principle

the maximum number of electrons in an orbital is 2 and they must have opposite

Hund's Rule

electrons fill orbitals of the same energy to give the maximum number of electrons within the same spin

Ionisation energy definition

the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom

E = hv

Energy = Planck's constant x frequency

c = λv

speed of light = wavelength x frequency

why is the 2nd ionisation energy greater that the first ionisation energy?

1. the atom is now a positive ion, which attracts electrons more and makes it harder to remove an extra2. the electrons have less repulsion and are pulled closer to the nucleus, making it harder to remove an extra

Ionisation energy across a period

increases