Caesar 1.4-1.5

enuntiata

3rd person, singular, perfect, passive

Moribus suis

by their manners

Orgetorix was forced to plead his case

By law of Helvetians, Orgetorix had to plead his case.

sequi

deponent verb

cremaretur

3rd person, singular, imperfect, passive, subjunctive

What will happen if he is convicted?

He will be burned by fire.

igni

ablative of means

die constituta

on the appointed day

die constituta

ablative absolute

What did Orgetorix do according to lines 4-7?

He convinces the Helvetians to migrate, forms alliances with Sequani and Aedui, plans to make himself leader, but his plot is known by Caesar.

quorum

genitive

eodem

same

per eos ne causam diceret se eripuit.

Through them he saved himself from having to tell the reason.

ne…diceret

imperfect subjunctive in negative purpose clause

civitas…incitata

The city was stirred up by that matter.

conaretur

imperfect subjunctive

What happened while the state was trying to respond to the uproar with arms?

There was mass confusion and lack of coordination.

ipse

Caesar himself

What do the Helvetii think happened?

They saw it as a reasonable and honorable response.

Post eius…incendunt.

After the death of him, the Helvetians nevertheless tried to do the thing they decided, to go from their boundaries. They thought they were prepared and set fire to their towns, about 12 villages, and remaining private houses.

nihilo minus

none the less

What do the Helvetians learn?

Continued the emigration plan.

facere

subjunctive mood

exeant

imperative mood

paratos

modifies oppida

What did the Helvetians do with the grain?

They were taking grain from locals as they went.

domum reditionis spe sublatā

Taken away with the hope of returning home.

spe sublatā

ablative absolute

ad omnia pericula subeunda

to undergo all dangers.

ad omnia pericula subeunda

gerundive.

essent

3rd person, plural, imperfect, subjunctive.

What must each person bring with them?

Arms, provisions, and other necessities.

Rauricis et Tulingis et Latobrigis finitimis

Dative; relationship of proximity.

persuadeo

introduces an ut clause in subjunctive mood with accusative case.

usi

usi comes from utor, uti, usus sum; it is a deponent verb, perfect participle, nominative plural.

oppidis suis vicisque exustis

with their towns and villages burned down.

oppugnarent

3rd person, plural, imperfect, active, subjunctive.