Caesar 1.4-1.5

  1. Translate the opening line literally: Ea res…enuntiata.

    1. This thing was announced to the Helvetians by a notice.

  2. Please give the person, number, tense and voice of enuntiata (est) 

    1. 3rd, sing, perf, pass

  3. How is Moribus suis best translated? 

    1. by their manners

  4. What is Orgetorix forced to do and why?

    1. By law of Helvetians, Orgetorix had to plead his case

  5. What verb form is sequi? 

    1. deponent verb

  6. Identify the person, number, tense, voice, and mood of cremaretur.

    1. 3rd, sing, imperf, pass, subjunctive

  7. What will happen if he is convicted?

    1. he will be burned by fire

  8. What construction is igni?(line 3)

    1. ablative of means

  9. How is die constituta best translated?

    1. on the appointed day

  10. What construction is die constituta? 

    1. ablative absolute

  11. What did Orgetorix do according to lines 4-7?

    1. he convinces the Helvetians to migrate, he forms alliances with the Sequani and Aedui, he plans to make himself leader of the entire operation, but his plot becomes known by Caesar

  12. What sorts of people did Orgetorix gather and why?

    1. he gathered his family and his clients; so he wouldn’t have to plead his case

  13. What case is quorum?

    1. genative

  14. How is eodem best translated?

    1. same

  15. Please translate “per eos ne causam diceret se eripuit.” 

    1. Through them he saved himself from having to tell the reason.

  16. What construction is ne…diceret?

    1.  imperf subjunctive in negative purpose clause

  17. How should civitas…incitata be translated literally?

    1. The city was stirred up by that matter

  18. What is the tense and mood of conaretur?

    1. imperf subjunctive

  19. What happened while the state was trying to respond to the uproar with arms and calling men up from the fields to help?

    1. there was a mass confusion and a lack of coordination (some of the soldiers could’ve been inexperienced or simply unprepared)

  20. To whom/what does ipse refer?

    1. Caesar himself

  21. What do the Helvetii think happened?

    1. they saw it as a reasonable and honorable response

  22. Translate lines 1-3 literally: Post eius…incendunt. 

    1. After the death of him the helvetians nevertheless tried to do the thing which they had decided that to go from their own boundaries. When they thought they were prepared for this undertaking, they set fire to all of their towns, to the number of about 12, about 400 villages, and the remaining private houses

  23. How is nihilo minus best translated?

    1. none the less

  24. In line 1, we learn that the Helvetians 

    1. Continued the emigration plan

  25. What mood is facere (line 1)?

    1. subjunctive

  26. What mood is exeant (line 1)?

    1. imperative

  27. In line 2 paratos modifes

    1. oppida 

  28. According to lines 3-4, what did the Helvetians do with the grain?

    1. they were taking the grain from local populations as they went; caesar described this as disrupting the locals

  29. How is domum reditionis spe sublatā best translated? (Be sure to reflect the constructions and cases within the entire phrase)

    1. Taken away with the hope of returning home

  30. What construction is spe sublatā?

    1. ablative absolute

  31. How is the phrase ad omnia pericula subeunda best translated?

    1. to undergo all dangers

  32. What construction is the phrase ad omnia pericula subeunda?

    1. gerundive

  33. Identify the person, number, tense, and mood of essent.

    1. 3rd, pl, imperf, subjunctive

  34. According to line 5, what must each person bring with them?

    1. arms, provisions, and other necessities

  35. What case is Rauricis et Tulingis et Latobrigis finitimis and why? (6)

    1. dative; relationship of proximity

  36. What grammatical structure does the verb persuadeo introduce?

    1. ut clause in subjuntive mood when used with accusative case

  37. What verb does usi come from? What are the principal parts? What is important to note about this verb? What verb form is usi? 

    1. utor, uti, usus sum

    2. deponent

    3. perf participle, nom pl

  38. How is oppidis suis vicisque exustis best translated?

    1. with their towns and villages burned down

  39. Identify the person, number, tense, voice and mood of oppugnarent. (8)

    1. 3rd, pl, imperf, active, subjunctive