History

What is Hawaiki

The original home of all Polynesians in their folklore

What is the Hawaiki zone

A historical area with a very high level of interisland voyaging and networking in tropical East Polynesia (thought that Hawaiki isn’t one place but this collection of islands)

What were the reasons for leaving Hawaiki

Escape conflict, internal cultural imperatives

What were waka

boats used to travel among islands

Who built waka

teams of tohunga (experts)

Who was the chief builder of the Tainui waka

Rakatāura

Who was the commander of the Aotea waka

Turi

Who was the commander of the Te Arawa waka

Tama-te-kapua

Who was the commander of the tainui waka

Whakaotirangi (female leader)

What were waka names based on

Incidents or aspects of the trip

What did the name Tainui refer to

Referred to the fact that it did not sit right in the sea and needed remedial work

What did the waka cargo include

Plants (taro, gourds, paper mulberry, sweet potato), animals (rats and dogs), tools, weapons, figures of guardian atua

When was the first major settlement of Māori in NZ

Shortly after 1300 AD

Describe the migration pattern of Māori to NZ

There was a multi-generational migration pattern where arriving people would find earlier people from previous waka and find other places to settle

How many women were likely in the founding population in NZ

190

How many was the total founding population in NZ

500

How were the waka designed

Designed like a double-hulled canoe that were connected in the middle

Who commanded the waka

Rangatira (commander at stern, supervisor) and tohunga (specialists responsible for navigation, ritual protection from the elements)

What was the role of kaihautu on the waka

would give time to the paddlers (so they rowed at the same time)

What was the role of keiurungi on the waka

Would steer the ship

Who comprised the crew on the waka

families and friends of the leaders

How many people were on a waka

22-70

Story of strife on the Te Arawa waka

The commander (Tama-te-kapau) had an affair with the wife of the navigator (Ngātoro). When he found out, Ngātoro steered the ship into a whirlpool/storm causing the passengers to plead him to show forgiveness so Ngātoro saves the ship

What does this mean “E! Kia whakatane ake au i ahau”

Let me act the part of a man

What is the significance of “E! Kia whakatane ake au i ahau”

On the waka Mataatua the men neglected the ship’s safety leading to the women saving the boat

What were the first things Māori did when they arrived in NZ

Erect a tūāhu (altar, sacred site) to thank the atua for their protection, comprising fire, mauri (special stones), wooden posts. Exploring and naming landscape. Claimed the land by naming after their bodyparts

How were communities set up upon first arriving at NZ

Small communities that would interact with each other

When was the first instance of the word kaitiakitanga being used in legislation

The Resource Management Act (1991)

What did Maori call Europeans that arrived in NZ

tangata kē (strangers)

Maitai (from sea)

tangata tupua (goblin people)

takata pora (ship people)

tangata pākehā/Pākehā

When did whalers first arrive in New Zealand

1790s into the 1800s

When was the first sealing operation in New Zealand

1792 (unsiccessful)

When did sealing take off in New Zealand

1800s

When were the first shore whaling stations established

1829