Respiratory

Mediastinum

Space between the lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, and esophagus.

Surfactant

Substance secreted by type II alveolar cells that helps keep alveoli from collapsing.

Mucus

What goblet cells in the bronchi secrete.

Compliance

A measure of distensibility.

Acinus

The structures that participate in gas exchange.

Pleura

Membrane attached to the external side of the lungs.

Hila

Where the bronchi and pulmonary vessels enter the lungs.

Elastin

Fibers that give lung tissue its elasticity.

Carina

Where the trachea divides into the two main bronchi.

Cartilage rings

Prevent airway collapse.

Nasopharynx

Filter and humidify inspired air.

Surfactant

Prevent lung collapse at end-exhalation.

Pores of Kohn

Allow pressure to equalize between adjacent alveoli.

PaO2

Pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.

Cyanosis

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by desaturation of hemoglobin.

Hypoxemia

PaO2 below normal.

Hemoptysis

Coughing up bloody mucus.

Empyema

Presence of pus in the pleural cavity.

Atelectasis

Collapse of alveoli.

Coughing

Difficulty that increases the risk for aspiration.

Dullness

Pulmonary edema will have this to percussion over the lung bases.

Exudative

Processes that increase capillary permeability can cause this type of pleural effusion.

Nonproductive

Clinical manifestations of bronchiolitis include this type of cough.

Restrictive

Silicosis is this type of respiratory disease.

Expiration

People who have obstructive respiratory disorders have the most difficulty with this.

Chronic

Clubbing of the fingers is a response to this type of hypoxemia.

Cigarette smoking

The most common cause of lung cancer.

Mucolytics

Severe asthma that is not controlled may be managed with these.

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Waking up suddenly with dyspnea during the night.

Flail chest

Acute condition known when a portion of the chest wall collapses inward.

Air

A person who has pneumothorax has this in the pleural space.

Bronchiectasis

Condition characterized by persistent abnormal dilations of the bronchi.

Decreased

Pulmonary fibrosis causes this in lung compliance.

Airway remodeling

Long-term irreversible airway damage in asthma.

Status asthmaticus

Asthma episode that does not resolve with usual treatment.

α1-antitrypsin

Genetic deficiency that causes early-onset emphysema.

Chronic bronchitis

One of the two disorders known as COPD.

Barrel chest

Clinical manifestation of emphysema includes this characteristic.

Right

Cor pulmonale is right ventricular enlargement caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension.

Hoarseness

Laryngeal cancer is characterized by this symptom.

Cheyne-Stokes

Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing.

Eupnea

Rhythmic and effortless breathing with normal tidal volume.

Gasping

Irregular, quick inspirations with an expiratory pause.

Stridor

Harsh vibratory sound caused by turbulent airflow through a partially obstructed upper airway.

Rhinorrhea

Runny nose.

Pneumonia

Infection and inflammation in the terminal airways and alveoli.

Bronchiolitis

Viral lower respiratory tract infection seen in infants and young toddlers.

Atelectasis

Premature infants are likely to develop this due to underdeveloped alveoli.

Barking

The cough associated with croup is this type of cough.

Bacterial

Acute epiglottitis is a type of infection that most commonly occurs in young unvaccinated children.

Inspiration

Laryngomalacia leads to partial airway obstruction during this phase.

Unilateral

Peritonsillar abscess usually is this and is a complication of tonsillitis.

Viral

Pneumonia in young children usually is this type of infection.

Atypical

Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma is known as this type of pneumonia.

Upper airway infection

Tonsillitis is this type of infection.

Lower airway infection

Bronchiolitis is this type of infection.

Upper airway infection

Bacterial tracheitis is this type of infection.

Lower airway infection

Pneumonia is this type of infection.

UACM

Subglottic stenosis is this type of condition.

Upper airway infection

Retropharyngeal abscess is this type of infection.

Upper airway infection

Croup is this type of infection.

Upper airway infection

Peritonsillar abscess is this type of infection.