WGU Human Growth and Development D202 questions and answers + rationales (A+ Graded)

In which prenatal period is viability reached?

Fetal

Emelia was exposed to heavy amounts of lead during her pregnancy. What is the name of this environmental exposure?

Teratogen

____ refers to the physical growth and strengthening of a child's bones and muscles.

Motor development

Some genes will express themselves in the phenotype, even when paired with a different version of the gene. This is called:

dominant

Pauly has just learned that not all crunchy snacks are called crackers as he once believed. He now understands that different crunchy snacks have different names. This change to a new schema is called:

accommodation

Baby Caleb now shouts ba-ba-ba whenever he is hungry. This language development milestone is referred to as:

babbling

Jaime learned her state capitals two years ago and still remembers them to this day. This type of long term memory is called:

semantic

Which theorist proposed that each stage of life is associated with a specific developmental task, which contributes to large components of one's personality?

Erik Erikson

Many disorders are linked to ____ factors, such as sickle cell disease, tay-sachs disease, and hemophilia.

genetic

Babies typically hold their head upright before developing their trunk to support sitting. This developmental pattern is called:

cephalocaudal

Which of the following would not be an example of a fine motor skill: crawling, holding pencil, using scissors, turning pages in a book.

crawling

Which of the following reflexes remain after the first year? Moro, rooting, sneezing, blinking

sneezing, blinking

Which of the following would not be considered a teratogen: rubella, virus, calcium, pollution.

calcium

In which prenatal period do less than half of pregnancies survive?

Germinal

During which prenatal stage would the blastocyst appear?

Germinal Stage

Unusual sadness that may follow childbirth is called:

postpartum depression

The formation of connections between neurons is called:

synaptogenesis

The brain's ability to change, enabling it to adapt and/or compensate for injury is called:

neuroplasticity

If a mother contracts this disease during the first three months of pregnancy, damage can occur in the eyes, ears, heart, or brain of the unborn cild.

Rubella

This popular theorist is known for his work in child cognition. He developed 4 stages that children will progress through as they interact and learn from their environment.

Jean Piaget

Which popular theorist proposed a leading model for cognitive development, which covers infancy through adolescence?

J. Piaget

Mika would describe himself as smart, athletic, and loyal, but explains that he isn't very creative or apt at drawing. This personal description would best describe his:

Self-concept

Little Anna was excited to try to get her own water from the fridge dispenser. She looked over at her father with a big smile as she held her water cup. Erikson would label this psychosocial stage as:

initiative

Which theory states that children develop their own conceptions of the attributes associated with maleness or femaleness?

Gender schema theory

Mary wants to stay out past curfew for a 9th grade dance, but she knows her parents are very strict and won't even discuss it with her. Which parenting style best describes Mary's parents:

authoritarian

Which of the following would be an example of a self-conscious emotion: fear, happiness, shame, surprise

shame

Zara is visiting the neighbor's house with mom. Zara is indifferent when mom goes outside and doesn't notice when she returns. Which type of attachment might best describe Zara?

avoidant

The front part of the frontal lobe, responsible for reasoning, problem-solving, creativity, and executive functioning is called the:

prefrontal cortex

When does the brain experience the highest levels of synaptogenesis?

infancy

How many lobes does the human brain have?

4

Which of the four styles of parenting supports many positive developmental outcomes?

authoritative

Which learning theory suggests that behavior is learned through observation, modeling, reinforcement, and punishment?

social learning theory

A major difference between Erikson and Freud's developmental theories is that Erikson's theory is focused on ____ development.

social

The developmental growth spurt in middle childhood tends to being earlier for boys or girls

girls

Silas is obese. Due to this diagnosis, he might experience reduction in which of these areas: Working Memory, Mental Flexibility, Executive Functioning

All of these

Silas's mother refuses to accept that her son is overweight, she maintains that he is just going through an awkward stage. This common parental denial is coined:

oblivobesity

About how long does the puberty stage last?

3-4 years

While going through puberty, Jon notices an increase in penis and testicle size. These changes relate directly to:

Primary sexual characteristics

Which of the following is not a secondary sexual characteristic: breast buds, pubic hair, voice deepens, vulva changes

vulva changes

Tiffany has just begun her monthly reproductive cycles where bleeding occurs. What is this called?

Menarche

Mark understands somewhat complicated ideas like time and logic, because he has experienced these things and understands them. He has likely reached this piagetian cognitive stage:

concrete operational

Sternberg proposed that intelligence included all of the following except: analytical, spatial, creative, practical.

spatial

What hormone most directly plays a role in how you feel pleasure?

dopamine

Alex heard that all D202 students are smart; therefore if you are in the course, you are likely smart! he is using:

deductive reasoning

Perter doesn't steal the delicious sandwich, because he knows stealing is against the law and considered wrong. Kohlberg would suggest Peter has reached this moral level:

conventional

This refers to someone's inability to understand that another person's view or opinion may be different than their own:

egocentrism

A competitive ballet dancer is likely to have high levels of this type of intelligence:

bodily-kinesthetic

The process where unused neural connections are cleared away so stronger connections can develop for those frequently needed is called:

synaptic pruning

These children are shy and withdrawn and are easy targets for bullies because they are unlikely to retaliate when belittled.

rejected children

The tendency in adolescence for members of a peer group to be similar to one another in behaviors and attitudes is called:

Homophily

Who proposed that there are four identity statuses that a teen may bass through while formulating their personal identity?

James Marcia

In Erikson's 4th Psychosocial stage, children master new skills and demonstrate competence. This stage is called:

industry vs inferiority

Shea speeds to the hospital because her mother is very ill, even though she knows it is breaking the law to go over the speed limit. She is likely in this Kohlberg stage:

Postconventional

Which popular theorist proposed that there are three levels to moral development?

Kohlberg

An emotional disorder characterized by a distorted body image and an obsessive desire to lose weight, in which bouts of extreme overeating are followed by fasting or self-induced vomiting is called:

Bulimia nervosa

A very personal and evaluative judgment about who you are is referred to as:

self-estem

An adolescent who has neither explored the options available to them nor made a commitment to an identity would be in which identity status?

Diffusion

Ryan is trying to figure out what program would interest him at his local community college. He is likely in this stage of formulating his identity:

moratorium

An advance type of thinking that incorporates the ability to evaluate realistic possibilities and make practical choices:

Postformal Thought

When Sue argues with her spouse, they usually resolve the disagreement by sharing an ice cream sundae. But, when Sue has a disagreement with her boss, this strategy is not acceptable. This kind of reflective and contextual problem solving is characteristic of which of the following?

Postformal thought

Monique finds that as she is approaching 50, her writing skills and knowledge of literature continues to grow. This is due to which of the following?

Crystallized intelligence increases across the lifespan

Which statement about changes in the brain in late adulthood is most accurate?

The volume of the brain shrinks by 5-10%

An age related, involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength:

sarcopenia

Teddi is remembering the last time she went to a movie with her spouse. Teddi is using which type of memory?

Episodic

Our new patient struggles to remember future tasks, like taking his medication after dinner. This patient struggles which this type of memory:

Prospective

Which age group is known for changing jobs, relationships, and residences more frequently than other age groups?

emerging adulthood

In Stage 7 of Erikson's psychosocial model, a person will contribute to society and be a guide for the next generation. This is known as:

generativity

What is the term that refers to engaging with a formal religious group's doctrines, values, and tradtitions?

religiosity

A common age-related eye disorder where the clear eye lens becomes cloudy may be do to a _____.

Cataract

Our bodies produce this hormone when we fall in love or when excited by a sexual partner:

oxytocin

When a society supports heterosexuality as the norm, it is called:

heteronormative

______ means attraction to multiple sexes or genders.

Polysexual

A three-phase model of stress including a mobilization of physiological resources phase, a coping phase, and an exhaustion phase.

General adaptation syndrome

What general type of care focuses on providing comfort and relief from physical and emotional pain to patients?

Palliative

This influence is observed in the United States in couples with similar personalities and interests.

Homogamy

The practice of marrying strictly within a specific social group, religious denomination, caste, or ethnic group:

Endogamy

According to Kubler-Ross, what is the stage of grief where an individual might feel frustrated at the deceased for leaving them or lash out at others:

Anger

A team of professionals who provide terminally ill patients with medical, psychological, and spiritual support are working within this model:

Hospice care

Which of the following acronyms describes the Big Five Personality traits: Blues, salty, ocean, shark.

OCEAN

A person with high levels of Neuroticism might also have high levels of this:

Mood swings & anxiety

The tendency for some neural functions or cognitive functions to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other called:

Lateralization

This refers to the innate characteristics of a person including mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity.

Temperament

What 3 components make up Sternberg's theory of love?

Passion, intimacy, and commitment

Peter just turned 70 and is reflecting back on his life. While he's made some mistakes over the years, he has mostly positive and happy memories flooding his mind. Which psychosocial stage best describes Peter?

Integrity vs Despair

The relationship of height to weight is expressed in a measure called the:

Body mass index BMI

According to the CDC, children whose BMI is at or above the 85th percentile for their age are considered:

Overwight

According to the CDC, children whose BMI is at or above the 95th percentile for their age are considered:

Obese

In children, excess weight is associated with:

high blood pressure, deficits in executive functioning, poor decision making, insulin resistance, deficits in working memory, depression

Risks of being overweight as a child include:

Being teased, bullied, rejected, increased risk of heart attack or stroke in adulthood, orthopedic problems like knee injuries.

In Piaget's concrete operational stage, the word concrete refers to things that:

can be touched, seen, or experienced directly

____ is a logical process in which multiple premises believed to be true are combined to obtain a specific conclusion.

Deductive reasoning

A child in the concrete operational stage will best be able to solve problems that are:

tied to their own experience

During the concrete operational stage, children develop the ability to build schemata organize objects in many different ways. This is called:

Classification

During the concrete operational stage, children develop the ability to arrange items along a quantitative dimension, such as length or weight, in a methodical way. This is called:

Seriation

During the concrete operational stage, children develop the understanding that objects have qualities that do not change even if the object is altered in some way. This is called:

Identity

During the concrete operational stage, children no longer focus on only one dimension of any object and instead consider the changes in other dimensions too. This is called:

Decentration

Changing one quality such as height of water in container can be compensated for by change in another quality such as width of the container. The ability to understand this is called:

Conservation

The capacity of working memory increases in childhood due to:

changes in myelination and synaptic pruning in the cortex, ability to inhibit irrelevant info from entering memory, increased processing speed

The knowledge we have about our own thinking and our ability to use this awareness to regulate our own cognitive processes is called:

Metacognition

The detailed examination of beliefs, courses of action, and evidence is called:

Critical thinking