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361 Terms
When did Henry VII become king?
1485 after the Battle of Bosworth
When was Henry VII crowned?
30 October 1485
Why did Henry date his reign from before Bosworth?
To make Richard III supporters traitors
When did Henry marry Elizabeth of York?
January 1486
Why was this marriage important?
United York and Lancaster
When was Prince Arthur born?
September 1486
What was the first rebellion Henry faced?
Lovell and Stafford rebellion
When was the Lovell and Stafford rebellion?
1486
Who led the Lovell rebellion?
Francis Lovell and the Stafford brothers
What was the outcome of the Lovell Rebellion?
Failed quickly
Who was Lambert Simnel pretending to be?
Edward
When was Simnel’s rebellion?
1487
Where was Simnel crowned king?
Dublin
Who supported Simnel?
Margaret of Burgundy
What was the key battle of the Lambert rebellion?
Battle of Stoke
What happened at the Battle of Stoke?
Henry defeated rebels
What happened to Simnel?
Pardoned and made a servant
Who was Perkin Warbeck claiming to be?
Richard of York (one of the Princes in the Tower)
When did Warbeck appear?
1491
Which countries supported Warbeck?
Burgundy
When did France stop supporting Warbeck?
1492 after Treaty of Etaples
What did Warbeck do in Ireland?
Tried to gain support
What happened in 1495?
Warbeck attempted invasion at Deal
Who supported Warbeck in Scotland?
James IV of Scotland
What happened in 1496?
Scottish invasion of England failed
What happened in 1497?
Warbeck landed in Cornwall during rebellion
What was Warbeck’s fate?
Captured 1497
When was the Yorkshire Rebellion?
1489
Why did the Yorkshire rebellion happen?
Tax for war against France
What happened in the Yorkshire rebellion?
Earl of Northumberland killed
When was the Cornish Rebellion?
1497
Why did the Cornish rebellion happen?
Tax for war against Scotland
Who led the Cornish rebellion?
Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank
How far did Cornish rebels get?
Marched to London
What was the key battle of the Cornish rebellion?
Battle of Blackheath
What was the outcome of the Cornish rebellion?
Rebels defeated
What was an Act of Attainder?
Law taking land/titles from traitors
How many attainders did Henry use?
138 (reversed many later)
Why use attainders?
Control nobles
What were bonds and recognisances?
Financial agreements enforcing loyalty
How many nobles were under bonds by 1509?
Around 75%
Why were bonds effective?
Created fear
What was retaining?
Nobles keeping private armies
When were laws passed against retaining?
1487 and 1504
What happened in 1504 law?
Heavy fines unless king gave permission
What was the Council Learned in the Law?
Financial body enforcing payments
Who ran it?
Empson and Dudley
Why was it unpopular?
Harsh enforcement of debts
What was the role of Justices of the Peace (JPs)?
Maintain law and order locally
Who were JPs?
Local gentry loyal to king
What was crown land?
Land owned by the monarch
How did Henry increase crown lands?
Act of Resumption (1486)
How much did income from land increase?
£29
What were feudal dues?
Payments owed by nobles
Examples of feudal dues?
Wardship
What was wardship?
King controls heir and land if underage
What was ordinary revenue?
Regular income like rents
What was extraordinary revenue?
Taxes
When did Henry receive a French pension?
1492 after Treaty of Etaples
How much was the pension?
About £5
What was Henry’s aim in foreign policy?
Security
What was the Treaty of Medina del Campo?
Alliance with Spain
What did it include?
Marriage of Arthur and Catherine of Aragon
When did Arthur marry Catherine of Aragon?
1501
What happened to Arthur?
Died 1502
Why was this a problem?
Threatened Spanish alliance
What was the Treaty of Etaples?
France paid Henry pension and stopped supporting Warbeck
What was the Treaty of Ayton?
Peace with Scotland
What marriage followed?
Margaret Tudor married James IV in 1503
What was the Intercursus Magnus?
Trade agreement with Burgundy
Why was it important?
Restored cloth trade
What was the Intercursus Malus?
More favourable trade deal
Why didn’t it last?
Burgundy rejected it
What was Henry’s relationship with Ireland?
Weak control
What was Poynings’ Law (1494)?
Irish parliament controlled by England
What religion did Henry support?
Roman Catholic Church
Why was religion important?
Supported authority and social order
How much money did Henry leave when he died?
Around £300
When did Henry VII die?
21 April 1509
Who succeeded him?
Henry VIII
Why was Henry VII successful?
Secured throne
Who was Henry VIII?
Second Tudor monarch
When did Henry VIII become king?
21 April 1509
When was Henry VIII crowned?
June 1509
Who was Henry VIII’s first wife?
Catherine of Aragon
When did Henry VIII marry Catherine of Aragon?
June 1509
Who were Henry VIII’s parents?
Henry VII and Elizabeth of York
What were Henry VIII’s main aims early in his reign?
Glory in war
Who were Henry VIII’s early advisors?
Thomas Wolsey and nobles
When was the first war with France under Henry VIII?
1512–1514
What major battle did England win in France?
Battle of the Spurs
Why was it called the Battle of the Spurs?
French soldiers fled quickly
What important event happened in Britain during the war with France?
Battle of Flodden
Who was defeated at Flodden?
James IV of Scotland
What treaty ended early wars with France?
Treaty of London
What was the purpose of the Treaty of London?
European peace agreement led by England
What major diplomatic event showed Henry’s power in Europe?
Field of the Cloth of Gold
Who met at the Field of the Cloth of Gold?
Henry VIII and Francis I
Who was Cardinal Wolsey?
Chief minister controlling government 1515–1529
What position did Wolsey hold in the Church?
Lord Chancellor and Cardinal