Introduction to Computer Systems and Hardware

Flashcards covering the fundamentals of computer systems including RAM functionality, CPU architecture, memory types, and modular system design.

What are the primary benefits of having more RAM in a computer system?

It allows the system to run more programs simultaneously, handle larger files, reduce lag and slowdowns, and access information faster because it does not have to move data as frequently.

Why is primary memory (RAM) classified as volatile?

It requires continuous electrical power to retain data; once the power is turned off, electrical signals disappear and the stored data is lost.

In the context of modularisation, why is RAM generally slower than the CPU?

Because RAM is separated from the CPU; if it were located on the CPU, information would not have to be sent as far.

What are the potential drawbacks of using too many modules in a system design?

It can increase complexity, add communication overhead, and become unnecessary for very small tasks.

What is the definition of a computer system provided in the notes?

A set of interconnected components, involving both hardware and software, that work together to process, store, and manage data.

What are the four main components that make up a computer system?

1. Hardware, 2. Software, 3. Data, and 4. Users (people).

What is the function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) within the CPU?

It executes mathematical and logical operations.

What is the role of the Control Unit (CU) in the CPU?

It directs operations by interpreting and executing instructions from memory.

How does secondary memory (HDD/SSD) differ from primary memory (RAM)?

Secondary memory is non-volatile, meaning data persists after the power is turned off, and it is used for long-term storage of files and software.

What are embedded systems and where are they commonly found?

They are specialized computers designed for specific tasks, found in devices like washing machines and smart devices.

What is the difference between Von Neumann and Harvard architectures?

Von Neumann architecture uses a single shared memory for both data and instructions, whereas Harvard architecture uses separate memory for data and instructions.

Which type of storage is identified as the fastest in a computer system?

Cache.

What technology does Quantum Computing use for processing?

Quantum bits or $\text{qubits}$.

What is the purpose of Edge Computing?

To process data closer to the location where it is needed in order to reduce latency.

What is the design principle of modularity?

Breaking a large system or task into smaller, self-contained units or modules that can be developed, tested, and maintained independently.

According to the transcript, what acts as the intermediary between the user and the hardware?

Software.

What is the basic sequence of operations in a computer system?

Input (data entry), Processing (CPU action), Storage (RAM or secondary storage), and Output (presentation of results).