biology

What is evolution

Gradual change in a species over time due to adaptations

What did Charles darwin start studying

Medicine

How did Charles Darwin figure out natural selection

a journey on the HMS Beagle and he noticed similar looking organisms on different continents

What is Darwin hypothesis

all species descended from ancestral finches.

Organisms that have superior traits are better adapted beacuse

they’re more likely to survive,reproduce and pass on genes

Artificial selection meaning

Humans select good traits in organisms to breed

Natural selection meaning

organisms with favorable traits survive reproduce and pass on variation to the next generation

Who gets to evole

the population not the individual

What does a mutation mean

If the mutation is an advantage for living in a particular enviorment then that individual will be more likely to survive and pass on that mutation

What does mimicry mean

Structural adaptation allowing one species to resemble another species

What does Camaflouge do

allows species to blend in with surroundings

Studying anatomy can uncover structural evidence of a ….

Common ancestor

Homologous structure

Similar in build, different function different species inherited from a common ancestor

Early ancestor with a forelimb with similar structure as ours now

Tetrapod

Vestiges structure

Serve no function but resemble structures in other animals

Whay is embryology

the study of how organisms develop

What are the 4 geological.time frames

Precambian ,paleozoic,mesozoic,cenozioc

Give examples of homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures and explain how all 3 explain evolution.

Homologous structures (human arm and whale flipper) show common ancestry, analogous structures (bird and insect wings) show similar adaptations, and vestigial structures (human appendix) show evolutionary change over time.

What 3 Darwin observations led to his theory of natural selection?

overproduction, competition within a species, and genetic variation

If 4 half-lives have passed and you originally had 120 grams of radioactive C-14, how many grams are left?

7.5

If you originally had 40 grams of C-14 and now only have 10 grams, how many half-lives has it been?

2

If you have 26 grams of C-14 and 26 grams of N-14 in a fossil, how many half-lives have passed?

1

What are 2 ways scientists can determine the age of fossils?

relative dating and absolute dating

If you cannot use absolute dating to figure out the age of a fossil, how can you determine its age?

using surrounding rock layers.

What is absolute dating (radioactive dating)?

using radioactive decay to determine the exact age of rocks or fossils

What is relative dating (stratigraphy)?

Determining fossil age by comparing rock layers.

How can bone structures of different organisms indicate common ancestry?

It suggests they evolved from a common ancestor.

Give an example of tentativeness in science?

Pluto being reclassified from a planet to a dwarf planet.

How can movement of organisms explain evolutionary relationships?

species adapt differently after moving to new environments.

What is a vestigial structure?

a body part with little or no function that was useful to ancestors.

Explain what a transitional fossil means?

a fossil that shows traits of both ancient and modern organisms.

Changes on Earth affect growth by?

changing environments, which forces organisms to adapt, migrate, or die.

Populations evolve, not individuals.

True

Why analyze primates?

To study evolution and ancestry.

Transitional species have traits of old and modern organisms.

True.

What is Geologic Time?

Earth’s history timeline.

What limits or encourages fossilization?

Decay limits it; quick burial helps it.

Why different organisms with same bones?

Bones adapted for different uses.

What do the fossils represent?

Ancient vertebrates.

Why compare skeletons?

To show common ancestry.