W8 Animal Details

Includes clade details for Chordates (including vertebrates/jawless fishes)

The 5 specific features shared by chordates at some point.

1. Notochord

2. Pharyngeal gill slits

3. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord

4. Post-anal tail

5. Endostyle or thyroid gland

Tissue layers in Chordates

Triploblastic

Chordates Coelom?

True coelomates

Chordate symmetry

Bilateral

Chordate circulatory system

Closed circulatory system - exception: tunicates

Skeletal type

Endoskeleton

Chordate cephalization

Highly cephalized

3 Clades under Chordata

Cephalochordata

Urochordata

Vertebrata

Are chordates protostomes or deuterostomes?

Deuterostome

Benefits of endoskeleton:

• Made of living tissue

• Grows with body

• No molting

• Permits larger body size

  • Lower percent mass devoted to skeleton

• Skeleton is protected

Cephalochordata includes what animal?

Marine Lancelets

How do Cephalochordates feed?

Filter feeders

They are the living ancestors of…

Chordates

Urochordata includes what animal?

Tunicates

Adult tunicates are sessile or mobile?

Sessile

Are tunicates dioecious or hermaphroditic?

hermaphroditic

Do Urochordata have open or closed circulatory systems?

Open

Suspension Feeder

aquatic animal that feeds on small particles suspended in water; particles could be minute living plants or animals, or products of excretion/decay from larger organisms; particles may be filtered or taken in another way.

Filter feeding

type of suspension feeding where a microphagous organism uses a physical filtering mechanism to filter particulate food suspended in water

Vertebrae

serially arranged cartilage and bone to protect nerve cord

Cranium

protects and surrounds brain - Exception: Chondrichthyes

Do all vertebrates possess all features unique to chordates at some point in development?

YES

Vertebrate skeleton?

Endoskeleton

Vertebrate type of circulatory system

Closed with 2 or 4 chambered hearts

Vertebrate cephalization?

High cephalization

What are the 5 vertebrate characteristics?

bilateral symmetry, well-developed head with cranium, closed circulatory system, vertebral column encasing dorsal nerve cord, chambered heart.

CNS

Nervous system containing spinal cord and brain

PNS

Nervous system containing tissues outside of CNS

Autonomic Nervous System

Part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes

Types of ANS

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Sympathetic

fight or flight

Parasympathetic

rest and digest