Last test of lab

What is the normal color of urine?

Straw to yellow.

What does orange or amber urine indicate?

Concentrated urine.

What does clear or colorless urine indicate?

Dilute urine.

What does specific gravity measure?

Ratio of urine weight to distilled water at the same temperature.

What does urine pH (potential hydrogen) determine?

Whether urine is acidic or alkaline.

What number on the pH scale is most acidic?

0

What number on the pH scale is neutral?

7

What number on the pH scale is most alkaline (basic)?

14

What causes protein (albumin) in urine?

Excessive exercise, extreme heat/cold, or emotional distress.

What do ketones in urine indicate?

Body using fat for energy due to low carbs, dieting, or diabetes.

What is bilirubin and what does it show?

Yellow-orange substance from Red Blood Cells breakdown; excess indicates liver or bile issues.

What forms urobilinogen?

Bacteria in the digestive tract breaking down bilirubin.

What does urobilinogen do?

Gives feces its color; small amounts appear in urine.

What do nitrates in urine indicate?

Presence of pathogenic bacteria converting normal nitrate to abnormal nitrate.

What is Audiometer?

instrument is used to test hearing thresholds.

What is the normal hearing range?

0–26 decibels.

What symbol represents the right ear on a hearing chart?

O.

What symbol represents the left ear on a hearing chart?

X.

What does the Weber test check?

to test to determine Hearing in both ears.

What is another way to call Tuning fork?

weber test

What does the Rinne test check?

to determine bone conduction.

What should be twice as long as the bone?

The ear.

What Otoscope?

instrument is used to look inside the ear.

What does AD mean?

Right ear.

What does AS mean?

Left ear.

What does AU mean?

Both ears.

Why might an ear be irrigated?

Cerumen (earwax) buildup or a foreign object in the ear.

What is threshold?

The minimum frequency a person can hear 2 times in an ascending scale (audiometer).

What are common behaviors in patients with hearing loss?

Repeating questions, speaking loudly, not responding to questions.

What chart is used to test distance vision?

Snellen chart (20 feet).

What chart is used to test near vision?

Jaeger chart (14–16 inches).

What test checks color vision (Daltonism)?

Ishihara test (14–16 inches).

What instrument is used to examine the eyes?

Ophthalmoscope.

What does OD mean?

Right eye.

What does OS mean?

Left eye.

What does OU mean?

Both eyes.

What does SC mean?

Without correction.

What does CC mean?

With correction.

What are three common complaints indicating visual disturbances?

Blurred vision, squinting, headache.

Should patients be screened with or without corrective lenses?

Both.