History Assessment-Task 1-2026

Cholera

A deadly disease caused by bacteria that spreads through contaminated water and causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration

Vibrio cholerae

The bacteria that causes cholera

Cause of Cholera Spread

Drinking water contaminated with infected human waste

Symptoms of Cholera

Severe diarrhoea, dehydration, and possible death if untreated

John Snow

A doctor who proved cholera spread through contaminated water, not bad air

1854 Cholera Outbreak

A deadly outbreak in London that killed over 600 people

Broad Street Pump

The water source linked to the cholera outbreak that John Snow shut down

Miasma Theory

The belief that disease was caused by bad air

John Snow’s Discovery

Cholera spreads through contaminated water, not air

Significance of John Snow

Helped develop modern public health and sanitation systems

Agricultural Revolution

A period of improved farming methods that increased food production

Crop Rotation

Growing different crops in sequence to improve soil fertility

Impact of Agricultural Revolution

Population growth and movement of people to cities

Industrial Revolution

The shift from hand-made goods to machine production in factories

Cottage Industry

Home-based production where families made goods using simple tools

Factory System

Production moved to large factories using machines

Urbanisation

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

Child Labour

The employment of children in factories and mines

Why Children Were Hired

Cheap obedient and small enough for dangerous tasks

Factory Conditions

Long hours loud noise dangerous machines and poor air quality

Mine Conditions

Dark cramped dangerous with risks like flooding and explosions

Trapper

A child who opened and closed doors for air flow in mines

Putter

A child who pushed heavy coal carts in mines

Impact on Children

Injuries disease exhaustion and lack of education

Factory Act 1802

Limited children to 12 working hours per day

Factory Act 1833

Set minimum working age and required some schooling

Mines Act 1842

Banned women and children from working underground

Ten Hours Act 1847

Limited work to 10 hours per day

Reason Child Labour Declined

Laws education and changing attitudes

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

The forced movement of Africans to the Americas for labour

Start of Slave Trade

1441

Abolition in Britain

1807

End of Slavery USA

1865

Triangular Trade

A three stage trade route between Europe Africa and the Americas

Stage 1

Goods from Europe traded for enslaved people in Africa

Stage 2 Middle Passage

Enslaved Africans transported to the Americas

Stage 3

Plantation goods sent back to Europe

Middle Passage

The brutal journey across the Atlantic where many enslaved people died

Plantation

A large farm where crops like sugar and cotton were grown

Field Work

Labour intensive work planting and harvesting crops

House Slave

Enslaved person working inside the owner’s home

Living Conditions

Small huts poor food and overcrowding

Slave Codes

Laws that restricted the freedom of enslaved people

Treatment of Enslaved People

Harsh punishment violence and no rights

Impact of Slavery

Physical suffering emotional trauma and loss of freedom

Reasons for Migration

Poverty lack of jobs and search for opportunity

Convicts

Prisoners sent to Australia as punishment

Convict Work

Labour such as farming building and serving

Punishments for Convicts

Whipping chains and hard labour

Colonisation of Australia

British settlement beginning in 1788

Impact on Indigenous Australians

Loss of land violence and disease

Terra Nullius

The idea that land belonged to no one used to justify colonisation

Free Settlers

People who chose to move to Australia for opportunity

Non European Migrants

Faced discrimination and limited rights

Federation

The uniting of Australian colonies into one nation

Year of Federation

1901

Reason for Federation

Defence trade and national identity