Honors US History, Unit 1 Reconstruction

Fourteenth Amendment ratified, 1868

Constitutional amendment that extended civil rights to freedmen and prohibited states from taking away such rights without due process.

Radical Republicans

Political party that favored harsh punishment of Southern states after civil war

Thirteenth Amendment

1865 - Freed all slaves, abolished slavery.

Fifteenth Amendment

The constitutional amendment adopted in 1870 to extend suffrage to African Americans.

Radical Reconstruction

Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war

Civil Rights Act of 1866

law that established federal guarantees of civil rights for all citizens

Andrew Johnson impeachment trial, 1868

attempted impeachment against President Johnson in 1868; power struggle between him and Congress- President removed cabinet officer w/o Senate approval and he interfered w/ congressional reconstruction; crippled his presidency

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Abraham Lincoln

16th president of the United States; helped preserve the United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist Confederacy; an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery.

Ulysses S. Grant

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

Thaddeus Stevens

A Radical Republican who believed in harsh punishments for the South. Leader of the Radical Republicans in Congress.

Reconstruction

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

Carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

Klu Klux Klan

White supremacist group that terrorized African Americans

Tenant Farming

A system in which farm workers supply their own tools and rent farmland for cash

Fourteenth Amendment

A constitutional amendment giving full rights of citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, except for American Indians.

black codes

Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves

Sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

segregation

Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences

Emancipation Proclamation, Jan. 1, 1863

executive order given by Abraham Lincoln; it freed all of the slaves in the Confederacy

Thirteenth Amendment Ratified 1865

Constitutional amendment prohibiting all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude (except as a punishment for a convicted crime). Former Confederate States were required to ratify the amendment prior to gaining reentry into the Union.

Freedman's Bureau established, 1865

initiated by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and was intended to last for one year after the end of the Civil War. The Freedmen's Bureau was an important agency of early Reconstruction, assisting freedmen in the South.

Fourteenth Amendment passed by Congress, 1866

granted citizenship to any person born or naturalized in the US; this amendment protects citizens from abuses by state governments, and ensures due process and equal protection of the law. It overrode the Dred Scott decision, and also reduced the representation in congress of any southern state that deprived African Americans of vote.

Radical Reconstruction, 1867

Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war

15th amendment ratified, 1870

Prohibited states from denying citizens the franchise on account of race. It disappointed feminists who wanted the Amendment to include guarantees for women's suffrage.

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

the withdrawal of federal troops from the South

Andrew Johnson

17th President of the United States, A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

Scalawags

Southern whites who supported Republican policy through reconstruction

Grandfather Clause

A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867.

"separate but equal" rule

doctrine that public accommodations could be segregated by race but still be considered equal

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

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