Biology Unit 2: ATP

What ATP stand for

Adenosine Triphosphate

How much energy does it take to break off a phosphate from ATP

a lot

What is a broken off phosphate called and what reaction is needed to break it

Inorganic Phosphate, hydrolysis

Why we need ATP

main energy source to keep cells functioning

How ATP made and what kind of reaction/energy reaction is it

ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) + Pi (inorganic phosphate), is endergoinc/synthesis reaction

Synthesis requires the addition of…

free energy

Where does this free energy come from

The breakdown of complex molecules that contain lots of free energy

Why do cells need ATP

has specefic properties important for biochemical reactions, has reasonable amounts of energy, Couples in similar ways to different reactions in our cells

Rapid combustions

produces CO2 and H2O, releases energy, products are fully oxidized, burning glucose means lots of waste thermal energy

Controlled Oxidaion

Combustions but in a series of steps, these catalyzed by enzymes and allows cells to capture more free energh

Net energy change in controlled oxidation is…

same as rapid combustion but more useful energy is lost

Most important redox reaction

Cellular Respiration

Dehydorgenase…

facilitates transfer of high energy electrons from food to carrier molecules

Examples of energy/electron carrier molecules, and give reduced froms

NAD+ and FAD+, reduced: NADH and FADH2

what are energy/electron carrier molecules used for

facilitate atp regeneration

Coupled reactions

where energy source is shown

Uncoupled reactions

No energy source shown

Where is NADH and FADH2 found

cytoplasm or mitochondria