Overview of Body Systems and Homeostasis

These flashcards cover key concepts related to body systems, their functions, and how the body maintains homeostasis.

What type of tissue covers and lines the organs of the body?

Epithelial tissue.

What are the functions of epithelial cells?

Protection, regulation, sensing stimuli.

What is the primary function of connective tissue?

To provide support and connect different parts of the body.

Name one type of connective tissue and its function.

Blood tissue; it transports nutrients and waste.

How does the body maintain homeostasis?

By regulating internal conditions, such as blood sugar and temperature.

What hormone is produced by the pancreas to lower blood sugar levels?

Insulin.

What is glycogen?

A storage form of glucose in the liver.

What hormone is released when blood sugar is low?

Glucagon.

How does the body respond when blood sugar levels are high?

The pancreas releases insulin, which helps cells take up glucose and store it as glycogen.

What is the normal body temperature range for humans?

Approximately 36.5 to 37 degrees Celsius.

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).

What is the function of the central nervous system?

To process and integrate information.

What are neurons responsible for?

Transmitting information throughout the body.

What are glial cells?

Support cells in the nervous system that assist neurons.

What is action potential?

A momentary reversal of membrane potential that sends signals in neurons.

What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Approximately -70 millivolts.

What occurs during depolarization of a neuron?

Sodium ions enter the neuron, making it more positive.

What is the role of neurotransmitters?

To transmit signals between neurons across the synapse.

What happens during synaptic transmission?

Neurotransmitters are released from one neuron and bind to receptors on another neuron.

What is homeostasis in relation to insulin and blood sugar?

Insulin helps maintain blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose.

What are the effects of a fever?

Increases body temperature to inhibit pathogens and improve immune response.

What are the main differences between Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease?

Alzheimer's is characterized by protein plaques leading to cognitive decline; Parkinson's is due to dopamine deficiency affecting movement.