ABLE Med Quiz 2

Ezetimibe, Fenofibrate, and Gemfibrozil are all in the same class of ______

antihyperlipidemics

What is the brand name of Ezetimibe?

Zetia

Ezetimibe

-MOA- works by inhibiting ___ absorption

-dosing is ___mg po daily

cholesterol, 10

What are the brand names of Fenofibrate?

Antara, Fenoglide, Lipofen, Lofibra, Tricor, Trilipix

Fenofibrate

-MOA-Fibric acid derivatives activate PPAR-α

-dosing is ___-___mg po daily

-only common ADR is ____

54-160, hyperhomocystemia

What is the brand name of Gemfibrozil?

Lopid

Gemfibrozil

-MOA-Fibric acid derivatives activate PPAR-α

-dosing is ___mg po BID

-only common ADR is ___

600, indigestion

Fenofibrate and Gemfibrozil are both fibric acid derivatives, and therefore have the same MOA which is activating _____, which ↑lipolysis via lipoprotein lipase

PPARα

Ezetimibe, Fenofibrate, and Gemfibrozil Monitoring:

-______

-____ of eyes or skin

-severe ___ pain

-LFTs, CBC, Scr

rhabdomyolysis, yellowing, abdominal

What is the brand name of the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor Lovastatin?

Altoprev

Lovastatin

-dosing is initial, ____ mg po daily, maintenance 10-80 mg po daily with the evening meal

-no common ADRs

20

Lovastatin Monitoring

-Signs/symptoms of ______ (myalgias, dark urine, arthralgias, fatigue) or ____

-LFTs, blood glucose, and HbA1c

-Serum creatine kinase should be measured in patients experiencing muscle pain and in those receiving other drugs associated with myopathy.

rhabdomyolysis, hepatotoxicity

What is the brand name of Enoxaparin?

Lovenox

what class is Enoxaparin in?

Anticoagulant, Low Molecular Weight Heparin

Enoxaparin

-dosing for treatment of DVT is __ mg/kg SC q12h or 1.5 mg/kg SC daily

1

Enoxaparin

-common adverse reactions include __ and ___

anemia, hemorrhage

Enoxaparin Monitoring

-Signs and symptoms of ____, CBC, LFTs.

-Patients with renal failure, obese patients, pregnant patients, and others at risk of bleeding complications should be monitored using anti–factor Xa testing.

bleeding

What is the brand name of Felodipine?

Plendil

What class is Felodipine in?

DHP CCB

Felodipine

-dosing for HTN is ___-___ mg po once daily, may increase to 10 mg po once daily

2.5-5

Felodipine

-common ADRs include __ and peripheral ___

headache, edema

Felodipine Monitoring

-Signs/symptoms of peripheral ____

-increased HR (reflex ____)

-signs/symptoms of liver damage.

edema, tachycardia

What is the brand name of the ACE inhibitor Fosinopril?

Monopril

Fosinopril

-HTN dosing is ___mg po daily, may titrate up to 80mg po daily

10

Fosinopril

-common ADR is ____

dizziness

Fosinopril Monitoring

-Signs/symptoms of ____ (swelling of the face, eyes, lips, tongue, or throat)

-severe persistent dry ____

-hypotension

-monitor baseline and periodic electrolytes, SCr, BUN, urine protein.

angioedema, cough

What is the brand name of the loop diuretic Furosemide?

Lasix

Furosemide

-dosing for adults is initial ___-___mg po daily, may titrate to maintenance dose (max 600 mg/d)

20-80

Furosemide

-common ADR is ___

Hyperuricemia

Furosemide Monitoring

-Severe ____ depletion can occur

-Monitor serum and urine electrolytes (particularly sodium), uric acid, and blood glucose at baseline and every 3-6 mo after therapy.

-Audiometric test (if _____ suspected).

volume, otoxicity

What is the brand name for Hydralazine?

Apresoline

What class is Hydralazine in?

Peripheral vasodilator

Hydralazine

-dosing for HTN is __mg po qid for 2-4 days, may titrate up to ___ mg po qid for 3-5 days, then titrate to lowest effective dose at intervals of 1 week

10, 25

Hydralazine

-MOA- vasodilator that ___ total peripheral resistance by direct action on vascular smooth muscle, with an effect greater on arterioles than on veins.

reduces

Hydralazine

-no common adverse reactions

-monitor for signs/symptoms of hypotension or liver damage, CBC, ____ at baseline and periodically

ANA

What is the brand name for Hydrochlorothiazide?

Microzide

Hydrochlorothiazide

-edema dosing is __-__ mg po daily

25-100

Hydrochlorothiazide

-HTN dosing is __-__ mg po daily

12.5-25

Hydrochlorothiazide

-MOA is to increase sodium and chloride ___ by interfering with their reabsorption in the cortical diluting segment of the nephron.

excretion

Hydrochlorothiazide

-common adverse effects include ___, dizziness, headache

hypotension

Hydrochlorothiazide monitoring:

-decreased serum and urine electrolytes

-decreased renal function

-increased serum __ __ or blood ___

-symptoms of gout

-Na+, K+, BUN, creatinine, skin

uric acid, glucose

What are brand names of Hydroxyzine?

Atarax, Vistaril

What class is Hydroxyzine in?

1st generation antihistamine

Hydroxyzine

-dosing for Anxiety/sedation: __-__mg po q4h prn

50-100

Hydroxyzine

-dosing for pruritis: __mg po tid-qid

25

Hydroxyzine

-no common adverse effects

-monitor for signs of __ toxicity

CNS

What is brand name of Fexofenadine?

Allegra

What class is Fexofenadine in?

2nd generation antihistamine

Fexofenadine

-dosing for allergic rhinitis: ___mg po bid or ___ mg po qd

60, 180

Fexofenadine

-common adverse reaction is ___

-monitor for signs of __ toxicity

headache, CNS

What is brand name of levocetirizine?

Xyzal

What class is levocetirizine in?

2nd generation antihistamine

levocetirizine

-adverse effects include ___ in children

-monitor for signs of ___ toxicity, monitor SCr

diarrhea, CNS

What is the brand name of Mometasone?

Nasonex

What class is Mometasone in?

ICS

Mometasone

-dosing for allergic rhinitis: ___ sprays/nostril daily (200 mcg/day)

2

Mometasone

-MOA- act by the induction of phospholipase A2-inhibitory proteins, ____.

lipocortins

Mometasone

-common adverse reactions include nasal ___ and burning, headache, pharyngitis, and __ infection

irritation, viral

Mometasone

-monitor __ and __ and development in children

-routine ophthalmic exams

-signs/symptoms of ___ suppression/infection

BMD, growth, adrenal

What are brand names of Fluticasone Nasal?

Flonase, Xhance

What class is Fluticasone Nasal in?

Intranasal Adrenal Glucocorticosteroid

Fluticasone Nasal

-dosing for allergic rhinitis is __sprays/nostril daily

-adverse effects include headache

2

What are brand names of Fluticasone Oral inhaler?

ArmonAir Digihaler, ArmonAir RespiClick, Arnuity Ellipta, Flovent Diskus

What class is Fluticasone Oral inhaler in?

Inhaled Adrenal Corticosteroid

Fluticasone Oral inhaler

-dosing for asthma is __mcg bid, titrate dose to response with max 440mcg bid

88

Fluticasone Oral inhaler

-adverse effects include pharyngeal ____

candidiasis

Fluticasone Nasal/Fluticasone Oral inhaler:

MOA- act by the induction of phospholipase A2-inhibitory proteins, ____.

lipocortins

Fluticasone Nasal/Fluticasone Oral inhaler Monitoring:

-monitor __ and __ and development in children

-routine ophthalmic exams

-signs/symptoms of ___ suppression/infection

BMD, growth, adrenal

What is brand name of Fluticasone/Salmeterol?

Advair Diskus, Advair HFA, AirDuo Respiclick, Wixela Inhub

What class is Fluticasone/Salmeterol in?

ICS/LABA

Fluticasone/Salmeterol

-dosing for asthma is 1 disk or 2 MDI puffs q12h

-dosing for COPD is fluticasone __mcg/salmeterol___mcg

250, 50

Fluticasone/Salmeterol

-adverse effects include headache, pharyngitis, upper respiratory ____, difficulty ___

infection, speaking

Fluticasone/Salmeterol monitoring

-monitor BMD and growth and development in children

-routine ophthalmic exams

-signs/symptoms of adrenal suppression/infection

-_____ and cataracts

-serum ____

-glucose

glaucoma, potassium

What is brand name of Levalbuterol?

Xopenex

What class is Levalbuterol in?

SABA

Levalbuterol

-dosing for MDI-asthma is ___ inhalations q4-6 hours prn

2

Levalbuterol

-MOA: Activation of β2-adrenergic receptors on airway smooth muscle leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and to an increase in the intracellular concentration of ____

cAMP

Levalbuterol

-common adverse effects include __ and __

vomiting, headache

Levalbuterol

-monitoring includes PFTs, BP, HR, serum ___

potassium

What is brand name of Ipratropium/Albuterol?

Combivent Respimat

What class is Ipratropium/Albuterol in?

SAMA/SABA

Ipratropium/Albuterol

-dosing for COPD: __ inhalation qid

1

Ipratropium/Albuterol

-common adverse effects include ___ and upper ___ tract infections

bronchitis, respiratory

Ipratropium/Albuterol

-monitoring includes paradoxical ___, BP, HR, signs of CNS stimulation, serum glucose, serum potassium, signs/symptoms of glaucoma, urinary ___, SOB

bronchospasm, retention

What is the brand name of Montelukast?

Singulair

What class is Montelukast in?

leukotriene receptor antagonist

Montelukast

-asthma/allergic rhinitis dosing is __ mg po daily

10

Montelukast

-no common adverse reactions

-monitor for changes in behavior/mood, including __ thinking

suicidal

What is the brand name for the angiotensin II receptor antagonist Irbesartan?

Avapro

Irbesartan

-dosing for HTN is __-__mg po daily

150-300

Irbesartan

-common adverse effect is ___

hyperkalemia

Irbesartan

-monitor signs/symptoms of ___ and tachycardia.

-monitor baseline and periodic electrolyte panel, renal function tests, and urine protein

hypotension

What is the brand name of the angiotensin II receptor antagonist Losartan?

Cozaar

Losartan

-dosing for HTN is initial __ mg po daily, may titrate to __ mg po daily in divided doses

50, 100

Losartan

-common adverse effect is __

headache

Losartan

-Monitor for signs of __ __.

-Monitor baseline and periodic electrolyte panel, renal function tests, and urine protein are recommended.

peripheral edema

What is brand name of Labetalol?

Normodyne

What is the drug class of Labetalol?

α/β-Adrenergic Blocker

Labetalol

-dosing for HTN is initial __ mg po bid; may titrate in 100 mg increments po bid every 2-3 d to maintenance dose of 200-400 mg po bid

-max dose 2400 mg daily

100

Labetalol

-common adverse effects include ___, fatigue, nausea

dizziness