HISTORY OF ART AND INTERIOR DESIGN (RENAISSANCE)

Titian

Leader of the 16th Century Venetian school of the Italian Renaissance. Works: Assumption of the Virgin / The Rape of Europa

Albrecht Durer

A leading German painter, engraver of the Renaissance and deemed Leonardo of the North. Works: Apocalyps, St. Jerome in his Study, 4 Apostles

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

A Flemish painter that lived from 1525-1569. , captured scenes from peasant weddings, dances, harvests; painted proverbs that taught morals; portrayed large numbers of people; used vivid details and rich colors. Works: Peasant Wedding, Hunters in the Snow, The Blind leading the Blind

Leonardo da Vinci

A well known Italian Renaissance artist, architect, musician, mathemetician, engineer, and scientist. Attempted to unite science with art, used the sfumato technique. Works: Monalisa/La Giaconda, The Last Supper, Madonna of the Rocks.

Sfumato

The technique of allowing tones and colors to shade gradually into one another, producing softened outlines or hazy forms.

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Italian Renaissance sculptor, architect, painter, and poet. Used the knowledge to glorify God, laid the foundation for Baroque-Mannerism. Works: the Pieta th,e David, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, The Holy Family/Doni Tondo, the status of David, The Deposition, The Last Judgement

Raphael Sanzio

Italian Renaissance artist who painted beautiful, calm women in a courteous manner. Works: Madonna and Child, the School of Athens, The Marriage of the Virgins

Giorgone

Venetian renaissance painter. Works: Tempest, Sleeping Venus

High Renaissance

Characterized by an emphasis on craftsmanship, the illusion of sculptural volume in painting and in building, by the limited use of whole orders and compositional rules after the precepts of Vitruvius and the precedents of existing ruins.

Jacopo Pontormo

Works: The Descent from the Cross

Parmigianino

Works: Madonna with the Long Neck

Tintoretto

He was termed Il Furioso and his dramatic use of perspectival space and special lighting effects, a precursor of baroque art, Venice's Master of Mannerism. Works: The Conversion of St. Paul, The Last Supper

Veronese

A supreme colorist and for his illusionistic decorations in both fresco and oil, most famous works are elaborate narrative cycles, executed in a dramatic and colourful Mannerism style, full of majestic architectural settings and glittering pageantry, painter of opulent, eye-filling, religious works. Works: The Marriage Feast of Cana

Agnolo Bronzino

Excelled in cool, mannerist portrait. Works: Portrait of a Young Man

Michelangelo

Works: The Florentine Pieta and The Last Judgement

Mannerism

A term applied to exaggerated styles, striking visual effects characterised by elongated or over muscular figures, its a revolt against the fundamental design principles of classicism of clarity, visibility and stability.

Counter-Reformation

A response to reformation inside the church to eliminate internal corruption

Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day

massacre of Huguenot leaders (Protestants) by Catholic mobs in Paris

Council of Trent

A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers.

Tempietto

By Donato Bramante, meaning "small temple" marked the spot of St. Peter's crucifixion

Capitoline Hill

By Michelangelo composed of the Palace of the Senate, the Conservatory and the Capitoline Museum where the statue of Marcus Aurelius stood. the Capitoline Hill is an abstruction of the human figure

Giotto di Bondone

Renaissance painter by breaking away from the Byzantine tradition, was discovered by Cimabue. He was the grandfather of Gothic art. Works: The Death of St. Francis, The Adoration of the Magi, The Matrimony of Joachim and Anna

Masaccio

A disciple of Giotto, frescoes are the earliest monuments of Humanism. Works: Expulsion from the Garden of Eden and Tribute Money

Fra Angelico

Dominican monk, used the luminous, gem-like colors, diffused light slender forms. Work: The Annunciation

Fra Filippo Lippi

Antithesis of Fra Angelico, concerned with physical beauty than the insight or spiritual depth. Work: Madonna with babe and Angels

Alessandro Botticelli

Opening to us the stories and characters of classical mythology, drew from mythological inspiration. Works: Spring, The Birth of Venus, Primavera

Chiaroscuro

the use of light and dark in a painting to create the impression of volume

Foreshortening

The method of rendering a specific object or figure in a picture in depth

Renaissance

Rebirth of the art of classic antiquity that occured in Italy in the 14th Century

Humanism

A belief that emphasizes faith and optimism in human potential and creativity

Secular

The weakening of the spiritual and political leadership of the Church

Medici

A powerful Italian family of bankers and merchants whose members effectively ruled Florence for much of the 15th century and from 1569 were grand dukes of Tuscany.

Duomo of Florence

Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi, known for its distinctive octagonal design dome resting on a drum not on the roof itself.

Ospedale Degli Innocenti

Designed by Filippo Brunelleschi and built by Giovanni Medici for the poor which feature tabernacle windows, rectangular windows surmounted by a pediment

Palazzo Medici-Ricardi

Design by Michelezzo and Filippo Brunelleschi under the instruction of Cosimo de Medici and bough by the Ricardi family, the building is divided into storers of decreasing heights by long unbroken bands called string cornices

Palazzo Rucellai

Designed by Leon Batista Alberti and applied the classical orders of columns to the facade

Palazzo Pitti

By Lucca Pitti and the largest palace in Italy aside from Vatican

Jan van Eyck

Prominent painter of the early Renaissance style by not of Italian origin, perfect the process of painting with oil and varnish, works in Triptych. Works: Worship of the Lamb, The Marriage

Donatello

Known for sacred themes. Works: St. Mark, Gattamelata, the bronze David, statues from the Old Testaments for the Florence Cathedral

Lorenzo Ghiberti

Sculpted the north and east doors of the Baptistery of San Giovanni, Florence

Certosinahgh

Small ivory inlay pattern set in wood work

Intarsia

Technique of inlay decoration using variously colored woods

Pastiglia

Application of gesso to achieve relief