Quiz 4 Posterior Teeth Tooth Morph
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52 Terms
What are the posterior teeth?
Premolars (1st and 2nd) and Molars (1st, 2nd, and 3rd)
What is the main function of posterior teeth?
Mastication (chewing) and grinding food
What is trituration?
The grinding of food when a cusp fits into a fossa, like a mortar and pestle
What is a cusp?
A four-sided elevation or mound of enamel on the crown of a tooth
How many ridges make up one cusp?
Four
What is found on every cusp?
A cusp tip
How are cusps and cusp tips named?
By their location
What is a ridge?
A long elevation of enamel
What is a fossa?
A concave area of enamel
What is a groove?
A long depression of enamel
What is a pit?
A pinpoint depression of enamel
What is a working (functional) cusp?
A larger, rounded cusp that occludes with the opposing central fossa
What is a balancing (nonfunctional) cusp?
A smaller, pointed cusp that helps unlock occlusion
Which cusps are functional on maxillary teeth?
Lingual cusps
Which cusps are functional on mandibular teeth?
Buccal cusps
Which cusps are nonfunctional on maxillary teeth?
Buccal cusps
Which cusps are nonfunctional on mandibular teeth?
Lingual cusps
What are major cusps?
Large, well-developed cusps that perform the primary chewing function
What are minor cusps?
Smaller, less-developed cusps with a lesser functional role
What is an accessory (supplemental) cusp?
An additional cusp not normally found on that tooth
What is a marginal ridge?
An elevated border of enamel named by location
Where are marginal ridges found on anterior teeth?
Lingual surface
Where are marginal ridges found on posterior teeth?
Occlusal surface
What is a triangular ridge?
A ridge that descends from a cusp tip toward the center of the occlusal surface
How are triangular ridges named?
By the cusp from which they originate
What is an oblique ridge?
An elevated ridge that extends obliquely across the occlusal surface
On which teeth are oblique ridges found?
Maxillary molars only
What is a transverse ridge?
The union of two triangular ridges across the occlusal surface
What is a central fossa?
A depression where cusp ridges and grooves meet centrally
What is a triangular fossa?
A triangular-shaped depression associated with triangular grooves
What is a primary (developmental) groove?
A sharp, V-shaped groove at the junction of developmental lobes
What is the most prominent primary groove?
The central groove
What is a buccal groove?
A groove extending from the middle of the buccal surface to the occlusal surface
What is a lingual groove?
A groove extending from the middle of the lingual surface to the occlusal surface
What is a triangular groove?
A groove that separates a marginal ridge from the triangular ridge of a cusp
Where do triangular grooves end?
In a triangular fossa
What is a marginal groove?
A groove that serves as a spillway for food during mastication
What is a fissure?
A developmental groove with imperfect union of lobes
Where does decay commonly begin on posterior teeth?
In fissures
What are supplemental grooves?
Shallow, irregular grooves branching from developmental grooves
Are supplemental grooves always present?
No, they vary from tooth to tooth
How do supplemental grooves change farther back in the mouth?
They become more numerous
Where are posterior tooth contacts located?
In the middle third, slightly occlusal and slightly facial
Where is the facial height of contour on posterior teeth?
Cervical third
Where is the lingual height of contour on posterior teeth?
Middle third
What is a root trunk?
The single root portion from which multiple roots divide
What is root fusion?
Roots that are joined together with little separation
What is a furcation?
The area where roots divide from the root trunk
What is a furcation crotch?
The space between roots at the furcation
Why are posterior teeth at higher risk for caries?
Complex pits and grooves retain biofilm and have weakened enamel areas
What instrument may be used to check pits and grooves for decay?
An explorer
What technology may be used to evaluate decay?
DIAGNOdent