Plant Diversity Quiz
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53 Terms
What are the closest living relatives of plants?
Charophytes (green algae)
What are five major adaptations that allowed plants to colonize land?
Cuticle, stomata, alternation of generations, spores with sporopollenin, apical meristems
What is the function of the cuticle?
Prevents water loss with a waxy waterproof layer
What is the function of stomata?
Allow gas exchange (CO₂ enters, O₂ exits)
Why can stomata close?
To reduce water loss in hot, dry conditions
What is alternation of generations?
A life cycle alternating between multicellular haploid and multicellular diploid stages
Which generation is haploid?
Gametophyte (n)
Which generation is diploid?
Sporophyte (2n)
What does the gametophyte produce?
Gametes (egg and sperm)
What does the sporophyte produce?
Spores
By what process are gametes produced?
Mitosis
By what process are spores produced?
Meiosis
What forms when two gametes fuse?
A diploid zygote (2n)
What is sporopollenin?
A tough coating that protects spores from drying out and environmental damage
What are apical meristems?
Regions of active cell division at root and shoot tips
What are the three groups of nonvascular plants?
Liverworts, mosses, hornworts
Why are bryophytes nonvascular?
They lack vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
Why do bryophytes stay small?
They lack vascular tissue and supporting structures
What environment do bryophytes typically require?
Moist/damp environments
What are the two main types of vascular tissue?
Xylem and phloem
What is the function of xylem?
Transports water and minerals
What is the function of phloem?
Transports sugars and organic nutrients
What are examples of seedless vascular plants?
Ferns and club mosses (lycophytes)
Why do seedless vascular plants still require water for reproduction?
Their sperm must swim to reach the egg
What is a seed?
An embryo packaged with food and a protective seed coat
What are the three parts of a seed?
Embryo, food supply, seed coat
Why are seeds important?
They protect, nourish, and help disperse the embryo
What are the two major groups of seed plants?
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
What is the meaning of gymnosperm?
"Naked seed"
What structure do gymnosperms use for reproduction?
Cones
Do gymnosperms produce flowers?
No
Do gymnosperms produce fruits?
No
What are angiosperms?
Flowering plants
What are two features that distinguish angiosperms?
Flowers and fruits
What does a fruit develop from?
The ovary wall after fertilization
What is the function of flowers?
Sexual reproduction
What are the four floral organs?
Sepals, petals, stamens, carpels
Which floral organ is male?
Stamen
Which floral organ is female?
Carpel (pistil)
What part of the flower produces pollen?
Anther
What structure contains ovules?
Ovary
How many cotyledons do monocots have?
One
How many cotyledons do eudicots have?
Two
What is the leaf venation in monocots?
Parallel veins
What is the leaf venation in eudicots?
Netlike veins
What is the root system in monocots?
Fibrous roots
What is the root system in eudicots?
Taproot
In what multiples do monocot flower parts usually occur?
3
In what multiples do eudicot flower parts usually occur?
4 or 5
What is primary growth?
Increase in plant length/height
What is secondary growth?
Increase in plant width
What tissue causes secondary growth?
Vascular cambium
Which plants have true secondary growth?
Gymnosperms and eudicots