ARCHER NCLEX Respiratory Pharm

Histamine 1 receptor

dilation of small blood vessels, increased capillary membrane permeability (edema), bronchial smooth muscle constriction and produce mucus, cause sedation and regulate pain/itchiness

H1 Antagonists

-ine/ diphenhydramine

Use: allergy, anaphylaxis, sedation

blocks h1 receptor which decrease flushing, edema, secretions, itching, pain

SE: drowsy, anticholinergic effects

take with food to reduce GI effects

Anti-inflammatory Drugs

glucocorticoids, leukotrien receptor antagonists, monoclonal antibodies

Glucocorticoids

budesonide (inhale)

PO: methylprednisolone, prednisone/solone

Use: asthma, COPD

suppresses inflammatory response, reduce inflammation/swelling

rinse after inhaling to prevent thrush (candidiasis)

Leukotriene Receptor Antagnonists

montelukast

Use: asthma

suppress leukotriene, decrease smooth muscle constriction, bronchoconstriction, edeam, mucus secretion

for long-term control

monitor liver - ALT

AE: psychiatric effects

B2 adrenergic agonists

bronchodilator

short: albuterol

Long: salmeterol

Use: asthma, COPD

binds to beta2 adrenergic receptors in airway = relaxation of smooth muscles in airways

SE: tachycardia, angina, tremor

caution in diabetics and glaucoma

use short acting inhaler first

Methylaxanthines

bronchodilator

theophylline/-phylline

Use: maintenenance asthma

relax bronchial smooth muscle = bronchodilation

no caffeine

Anticholinergics

Ipratropium

Use: asthma, COPD

block muscarinic receptors in bronchi = bronchoconstriction, decrease secretions

monitor for anticholinergic effects

can be use for attack