science body systems flashcards
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science grade 8 flash cards
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54 Terms
nervous system definition
controls and coordinates the body using electrical systems. it controls the body and is the communication center
main parts of nervous
brain, spinal cord, and nerves
two main systems that connect to the nervous system
central nervous system and the peripheral system
brain role in the nervous system
controls thought, memories, emotions, movement, and body functions
spinal cord role in the nervous system
carries messages between the brain and body
nerves role in the nervous system
carries signals throughout the body
central nervous sytem
made up of the brain and the spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
made up of all the nerves outside the central nervous system
key functions of the nervous system
detects stimuli (senses a change) ex. heat, pain, sound, etc.
processes information
sends responses to muscles/glands
respiratory system definition
brings oxygen into the body an removes carbon dioxide
main parts of the respiratory system
nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli, and diaphragm
nose role in respiratory system
filter and warms air
trachea role in respiratory system
windpipe carrying air to lungs
bronchi role in respiratory system
two tubes leading into the lungs
lungs role in the respiratory system
exchange gases
alveoli role in respiratory system
tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs
diaphragm role in respiratory system
the muscle that helps with breathing
how breathing works: inhaling
diaphragm contracts and moves down
lungs expand
air enters
how breathing works: exhaling
diaphragm relaxes
lungs shrink
air leaves
gas exchange in the alveoli
oxygen enters blood
Carbon dioxide leaves blood
circulatory system definition and what it carries:
transports materials throughout the body
carries:
oxygen
nutrients
hormones
waste products
main parts of the circulatory system
heart, blood, and blood vessels
heart role in the circulatory system
pumps blood
blood role in the circulatory system
transports substances
blood vessels role in the circulatory system
carries blood
blood vessel types:
arteries=away from heart
veins=towards heart
capillaries=tiny exchange vessels
blood components inside the circulatory system
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
red blood cells role in the circulatory system
carries oxygen
white blood cells role in the circulatory system
fight diseases
platelets role in the circulatory system
help clot blood
plasma role in the circulatory system
liquid part of blood
types of circulation paths
pulmonary circulation, and systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation
heart to lungs
systemic circulation
heart to body
digestive system definition
brake down food so nutrients can be absorbed
main organs of the digestive system
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum
secondary organs of the digestive system
liver, gull blader, and pancreas
mouth role in the digestive system
teeth mechanically (physically) break down food
saliva chemically begins digestion
esophagus role in the digestive system
moves food to stomach
stomach role in the the digestive system
uses acid and enzymes to digest food
small intestine role in the digestive system
most digestion and nutrient absorption happens here
large Intestine role in the digestive system
absorbs water
rectum role in the digestive system
stores and removes waste
liver role in the digestive system
produces bile
gull bladder role in the digestive system
stores bile
pancreas role in the digestive system
produces digestive enzymes
excretory system definition
removes wastes from the body and keeps balance
main organs of the excretory system
kidneys, utterers, bladder, urethra
kidneys role in the excretory system
filters blood and produce urine
ureters role in the excretory system
carries urine to the bladder
bladder role in the excretory system
stores urine
urethra role in the excretory system
removes urine from the body
what kidneys remove:
urea
extra water
salts
toxins
other excretory organs inside the excretory system
skin=sweat, lungs=carbon dioxide, and liver=detoxification