Y9 Hums exam revision

define colonization

the action or process of settling among and establishing control over the Indigenous people of an area.

list 2 effects of colonization on the natives

- they spread many germs and diseases

- they killed many indigenous people

negative key impacts of colonization

disease: smallpox, influenza

frontier conflict and displacement

loss of land and crops

environmental changes

define bias

a one-sided view that favors one group, idea or perspective over others

define terra nullius

- land that is legally deemed to be unoccupied or uninhabited.

- meaning ‘land belonging to no one’

why did people migrate to Australia?

the gold rush, poverty, famine, political unrest, persecution, economic opportunities

what year did the government pass the aboriginal protection act? (the cause of the stolen generation)

1869

what is a reserve system?

land that aboriginal people were allowed to live on under strict conditions.

what is a mission system?

where settlements were established and governed by religious missionaries to house aboriginal people, and to convert them to christianity.

what is Coranderrk?

Coranderrk was an Aboriginal reserve which became a site of both community enterprise and resistance against government control.

what was the eureka stockade?

a battle between the miners and the government, to lower the miners rights

when did the eureka stockade take place

in 1854

what was the eureka stockade flag of?

the southern cross

how long did the eureka stockade battle last for?

about 15 miniutes

what did the eureka stockade result in?

the miners right which let the miners vote and mine for a lower cost.

list two causes of the eureka stockade

- the people enforcing the miners license

- the amount of people migrating to Australia because of the gold rush

what was the miners license?

a license which declared the miners needed to pay a fee to mine.

how much did the miners license cost?

30 shillings a month, no matter if you found gold or not

who lead the eureka stockade?

Peter Laylor

what 6 colonies was Australia made of before 1901?

NSW, TAS, VIC, SA, OLD and WA

who is known as the ‘Father of Federation’?

Henry Parkes

list some reasons people were for federation

national pride, 1 army, 1 postal service, 1 rail gauge

list some reasons people were against federation

would take time, colonies didn’t want to share

in what year was the constitution written and approved?

1891

in what years were the 1st and 2nd referendums held

1898 and 1899

what year did Australia federate?

1901

who was Australia’s first prime minister?

Edmond Barton

what was the women’s suffrage? when was it formed?

where the women took action for the right to vote. it was formed in the 1880’s

what year were woman finally allowed to start voting?

1908

which state was the first to allow women to be a part of parliament and to allow them to vote?

South Australia

what was the ANA?

a group exclusive to white, Australian born men

what is food insecurity?

not having access to food when needed

what is food security?

access to food by all people of a place, when needed

list some people who might not have food security

students, low-income households, homeless people, job-less people and people in remote/rural places

list the biomes

boreal forests, tropical rainforests, temperate grasslands, polar lands, tundra, mountain vegetations, deserts, savanna, temperate forests, freshwaters, marines

what is a drought?

a time when there is little to no rainfall and is caused by the El nino weather phenomenon.

list 3 significant droughts in Australia

1. 1. 1982 to 1983, caused the Ash Wednesday bushfires

2. 2. 1991 to 1995, 40% of QLD was in drought

3. 3. 1996 to 2010, called the millennium drought

what is soil degradation?

is a decline in soil quality

list 2 causes of soil degredation

erosion and compaction

what is caused by soil degradation?

water scarcity, reduced agricultural productivity and biodiversity loss

why was the goldrush significant?

it brought migration and a cultural change to Australia

what is an economy?

a system of how goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed within a country and region

what is money used for?

exchanging goods and services