HTML review

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Description and Tags

LESSON 1 of html IT304

Information and Communication Technology

A-Level Information Technology

Last updated 10:23 AM on 11/3/23
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45 Terms

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Definition of HTML

Hyper Text Markup Language

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Tim Berners Lee

The designer of the original HTML

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Markup language

A set of markup tags used to describe HTML documents

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XHTML

Extensible Hypertext Markup Language

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W3C

World Wide Web Consortium

  • the organization that recommends XHTML

  • the standard for writing HTML

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Web browsers

Software used to read and display HTML documents

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HTML tags

  • Describes different elements of a document in HTML

  • It consists of an element name (or letter symbol) enclosed in a left and right-angle brackets.

  • It provides instructions on how the information will be processed by the browser.

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Formula for HTML tags and elements

<start tag> element content <end tag>

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TYPES OF HTML TAGS

Empty tags

HTML tags that do not require an end tag

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TYPES OF HTML TAGS

Paired Tags

Consist of a start tag and an end tag to mark the beginning and end of a section in HTML

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Case sensitive

HTML tags are not case sensitive, but lowercase is recommended

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Elements

Consist of a start tag, end tag, and content in between

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TYPES OF HTML ELEMENT

Block level elements

HTML elements that start on a new line and take up the full width available


Examples:
<h1> to <h6>
<p>
<div>

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TYPES OF HTML ELEMENTS

Inline elements

HTML elements that do not start on a new line and only take up as much width as necessary

Examples:
<img>
<span>
<a>

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Attributes

  • Provide additional information about an HTML element

  • Are always specified in the start tag

  • Usually come in name/value pairs like name="value“.

    red is the attribute:
    <body align= “center”>

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<!doctype html>

DOCTYPE DECLARATION

Represents the document type of HTML5


- helps the browser to display a web page correctly.
- the doctype declaration is not case sensitive.

<!doctype HTML>
<!DOCTYPE html>

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HTML5

The latest version of HTML, represented by the declaration

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HTML TAGS

<html>

used to indicate that the document is an HTML file.


It indicates the beginning and the end of an HTML file.

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HTML TAGS

<head>

this tags delimits the header section of the document and contains information about the document that is not generally displayed within the document.

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HTML TAGS

<body>

is a tag that sets the overall page characteristics and delimits the beginning and end of the body section of the HTML document.

It contains the entire document to be displayed on the page.

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HTML FONT

<font>

the tag specifies the font-face, font-size, and color of text.

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font-face

is the HTML font standard format

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<i>

This tag italicizes section of text in an HTML document

Header 1 in italic

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<b>

This tag bolds section of text in an HTML document.

Header 4 in bold

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<u> </u>

This tag underlines section of text in an HTML document.

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<em>

  • This tag emphasize section of text in an HTML document. (like italic)

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<sub>

This tag is used to create subscript in an HTML document.

X2

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<sup>

This tag is used to create superscript in an HTML document

X²

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HTML Headings

are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags

<h1> defines the most important heading.
<h6> defines the least important heading.

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HTML Display

with HTML, you cannot change the output by adding extra spaces or extra lines in your HTML code.

The browser will remove any extra spaces and extra lines when the page is displayed.

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<p>

this HTML element defines a paragraph.

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<br>

this HTML element defines a line break.

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<hr>

means Horizontal Rule

  • this tag defines a thematic break in an HTML page and is most often displayed as a horizontal rule.

this is an example of <hr> tag

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<pre>

means Preformatted

  • the text inside this element is displayed in a fixed-width font (usually Courier)

  • it preserves both spaces and line breaks

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<img>

means HTML IMAGES (jpg, png, gif)

  • The tag defines an image in an HTML page.

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ELEMENT ATTRIBUTES

disabled

Specifies an input element should be disabled

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ELEMENT ATTRIBUTES

href

Specifies the URL for a link

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ELEMENT ATTRIBUTES

id

Specifies a unique id for an element

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ELEMENT ATTRIBUTES

style

Specifies an inline CSS style for an element

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ELEMENT ATTRIBUTES

title

Specifies extra information about an element

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<img> 2 attributes:

src

means Source

  • Specifies the URL for an image

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<img> 2 attribute:

alt

means Alternate Text

  • Specifies an alternate text for an image

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HTML LINKS

<a>

means Anchor

  • This tag defines a hyperlink, which is used to link from one page to another.

  • The most important attribute of this element is the href attribute, which indicates the link's destination.

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HTML TABLE

<td>

means Table cell

  • this table element defines the table cell.

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HTML FORM

<fr>

means Form

  • tag is used to create an HTML form for user input.