Accelerated Biology Unit 13: Human Body - Digestive Systems
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Vocabulary flashcards covering human body system functions, macromolecule digestion, and the specific roles of digestive organs based on Accelerated Biology Unit 13 notes.
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24 Terms
Immune System
The body system responsible for fighting off pathogens.
Integumentary System
The body system that provides protection from harm.
Muscular System
The body system responsible for movement.
Skeletal System
The body system providing structure and support.
Nervous System
The body system responsible for communication.
Excretory System
The body system responsible for waste removal.
Respiratory System
The body system responsible for gas exchange.
Circulatory System
The body system responsible for transport throughout the body.
Digestive System
The body system responsible for the breakdown of food.
Carbohydrates (Polymer)
Complex molecules like starch or polysaccharides that are digested into simple sugars or monosaccharides.
Proteins (Polymer)
Complex molecules known as polypeptides that are digested into amino acids.
Fats/Lipids
Molecules that are digested into fatty acids and glycerol.
Physical Change (Food)
The mechanical breakdown of food, such as chewing, mashing, or mixing.
Chemical Change (Food)
The process of turning polymers into monomers using enzymes.
Amylase
An enzyme found in the mouth that performs chemical changes on carbohydrates.
Stomach (Functions)
Performs physical changes by mixing food into liquid and chemical changes using the enzyme pepsin to digest proteins.
Pepsin
The enzyme in the stomach responsible for the chemical digestion of proteins.
Pancreas
An organ that makes enzymes for the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Liver
An organ that makes bile used to break down fat and releases it into the small intestine.
Gallbladder
An organ that stores bile for use in digestion.
Large Intestine
The organ that dries out undigestible material to form waste.
Villi
Structures in the small intestine that increase surface area for the absorption of digested nutrients into the circulatory system.
Lumen
The central space or cavity within the small intestine through which food passes.
Lacteal
A vessel located within the villi of the small intestine involved in the absorption of nutrients.