Physics term 2 examination

distance*

the total length of the pathway taken between an origin and a destination point

displacement*

the distance between an origin and destination point, irrespective of path

speed*

the rate of change of distance

velocity*

the rate of change of displacement

acceleration*

the rate of change of velocity

inertia*

the tendency of an object to maintain its state of motion

force*

a push or pull

mass*

a measure of the amount of matter an object contains

gravitational force*

the force that attracts all objects to Earth

frictional force*

the force that opposes the relative motion of surfaces sliding against each other

coefficient of friction*

the ratio of frictional force to normal force for a particular pair of surfaces in contact

spring constant*

the ratio of spring force to displacement for a particular spring

impulse*

the change in momentum of an object

momentum*

the product of an object's mass and velocity

SI units of Distance?

metre (m)

SI units of Displacement?

metre (m)

SI units of Speed?

metre per second (m/s)

SI units of Velocity?

metre per second (m/s)

SI units of Acceleration?

metre per second squared, (m/s²)

SI units of Inertia?

kilogram metre squared (kgm²)

SI units of Force?

newton (N)

SI units of Mass?

kilogram (kg)

SI units of Gravitational Force?

Newton, (N)

SI units of Friction?

newton (N)

SI units of Coefficient of Friction?

none

SI units of Spring Constant?

newton per metre (N/m)

SI units of Impulse?

newtons per second, (Ns) or kilogram metres per second (kgm/s)

SI units of Momentum?

kilogram metre per second, (kgm/s)

What is the difference between scalar and vector quantities?

Scalars have magnitude only, vectors have magnitude and direction

Is distance scalar or vector?

Scalar

Is displacement scalar or vector?

Vector

Is speed scalar or vector?

Scalar

Is velocity scalar or vector?

Vector

Is acceleration scalar or vector?

Vector

Is force scalar or vector?

Vector

Is mass scalar or vector?

Scalar

Is momentum scalar or vector?

Vector

Give examples of scalar quantities?

distance, speed, mass

Give examples of vector quantities?

displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum

Newton’s First Law

Objects at rest will stay at rest and objects in motion will stay in constant motion, in a straight line, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton’s Second Law

$$F_{net}=ma$$

Newton’s Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Law of Conservation of Momentum

the total momentum before the event equals the total momentum after

What happens in an explosion?

Objects boom/explode outwards

Number of objects in an explosion?

One initially, more than one finally

What is always conserved in explosions?

Momentum

What should you do first in momentum problems?

Write the conservation of momentum equation

What is important to choose before solving momentum problems?

A positive direction

What happens in an inelastic collision?

Objects stick together after collision

Number of objects in inelastic collisions (initial vs final)?

Two or more initially, one finally

What happens in an elastic collision?

Objects bounce off each other and remain separate

Number of objects in elastic collisions (initial vs final)?

Two or more initially, two or more finally

What is the key difference between elastic and inelastic collisions?

Elastic collisions conserve kinetic energy, inelastic collisions do not

What is a key step before substituting values into equations?

List known values with correct units

What should you include in your final answer?

Magnitude, unit, and direction