World War 1

1885

Berlin conference - Europe divides Africa for resources

Main causes of WW1

Militarism Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

Militarism

glorification and expansion of military.

Alliances

Triple alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary,and Italy

Triple entente - Great Britain, Russia, and France.

Imperialism

competition turned hostility and conflict as European’s “got in each other ways”

Nationalism

Pride for our people.

France wants..

Alsace-Lorraine from German

Pan-slavism

slavic nationalism

German Reunification

Otto Von Bismark and Kaiser Wilhelm 1

June 28, 1914

Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated

Austria-Hungary gets..

Germany’’s unconditional and full support

July 28, 1914

A-H declared war on Serbia - Starts WW1

World War 1

1914 - 1918

August 1914

Germany invades Belgium to get France. This causes Great Britain to join

Why Great Britain join

Didn’t like Germany invading neutral countries.

The Schlieffen Plan

go into France through Belgium and conquer France. Then turn back around through Germany to get to Russia - Western front

Central Powers

Germany, A-H, Italy, and Ottoman empire - bad

Allied Powers

U.K, France, Russia, and Japan. Italy joins an then U.S

New weapons

Subs, Machine guns, giant artillery guns, tanks, airplanes, poison gas.

Giant artillery guns

most important in war.

No man land

space between trenches

Trenches foot

infected feet from old trench waters (when flooded)

War of attrition

trying to wear one side down with constant attacks

WW1 became a

war of attrition

Trench busters

Tanks

WW1 was a

total war

Total war

countries used every resources available for the war effort - Women went to work in factories

Major theaters of War

Western front - French:Trench

Eastern front - Russia:Mobile

Schlieffen plan causes a

stalemate

Stalemate

both sides trying to win/ no succeeding

First battle of the Marne

French vs. German.

pushes Germany 0 miles away from Paris

saved Paris

Splits German troops up

Battle of Verdun

German offensive - trying to get Alsace-Lorraine

Longest battle - 6 months

Stalemate

Battle of Somme - July 1916

bloodiest battle - 1.1 million dead

British forces attack Germans to take pressure off France troops

No gains or advances from anyone

Second battle of the Marne - July 1918

Germany tries again for Paris

Within a month, the U.S sends 2 mil American troops to help France

Eastern Front, 1914-1918

Russians get attack. For the next 3 yrs this continues until Russia wihdraws.

President Woodrow Wilson

issued the proclamation of Neutrality

US wanted to stay neutral because

they exported to all of Europe

1915 ; a u-boat

sank an American Passenger liner-The Lusitania; 1260 people killed

The Zimmerman telegram

Sent from Germany to Mexico.

If Mexico helped them, the would help get land Mexico lost in the US-Mexico war.

Americans sold - to allies

food and manufactured goods

Made loans to

Allies. Scared if German won they wouldn’t get paid back.

Nov. 11, 1918

Germans signed an armistice - agreement to end the fighting

Wilson 14 points

trying to restore peace.

Freedom for the seas, Adjustment of Europeans boundaries based on nationally, League of nations.

League of Nations

general association of Nations

Paris Peace Conference

5 separate peace treaties signed

Biggest treaty signed

Treaty Of Versailles

The big four

President Woodrow Wilson - US

Prime Minister David Lloyd George - UK

Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando - Italy

Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau- France

Italy just wanted

the rest of Versailles

June 2028, 1919

Treaty of Versailles and four arrangements under it.

Territorial Provisions

Germany gave France Alsace-Lorraine

Colonial Provisions

Japan took German Pacific island north of he Equator

Disarmament

Germany army limited to 100,000 volunteers

War guilt clause and reparations

Germany had to take full blame and pay reparations - payments for war damages

Creation of the League of Nations

ended up very weak

U.S. senate refused to join

In middle east,

the allies divided up what’s left of the ottoman empire