Early Literacy Methods (PADR) Pre-Assessment Review

These vocabulary flashcards cover early literacy methods, linguistic components, instructional strategies, and reading models based on the PADR pre-assessment.

Semantic organizers

Visual webs used to enhance comprehension by connecting new vocabulary to known words and concepts.

Scarborough’s Reading Rope (Word Recognition)

The strand in classroom instruction supported by phonics lessons on letter-sound correspondence to teach decoding skills.

Summarizing strategy

A component of reciprocal teaching used to condense the main ideas and details of a text into a concise overview.

Print awareness

The ability of a learner to identify structural elements of a book, such as where a story starts and ends.

Short $o$ sound mouth shape

A slightly rounded and open mouth, as observed when pronouncing the word "cot".

Substitution

An advanced phonemic awareness activity where students change the first sound in a word to make a new word.

Stop consonant vs. Nasal consonant

A stop consonant involves completely blocking airflow, whereas a nasal consonant allows air to pass through the nose.

Reading fluency activity

Organizing students into pairs to take turns reading aloud and providing feedback to one another.

Tier 2 Vocabulary instruction

Effective when incorporating new words into text discussions and clarifying meaning through examples and non-examples.

Clarifying step

A stage in reciprocal teaching used to address and resolve any confusion a student may have about the text.

Code-switching

A strategy where a student learning English switches to their native language to compensate for missing vocabulary.

Phonology

An aspect of oral language development involving the sounds each letter makes and how they blend together to form words.

Morphology

The linguistic component involving word parts, such as understanding that "dogs" contains the meaning of "dog" and the plural marker "-s".

Lexical Semantics

The linguistic skill where a student uses knowledge of one word's meaning (e.g., "cycle") to understand a related new word (e.g., "bicycle").

Pragmatics

An understanding of language that includes using appropriate gestures, facial expressions, and tone to convey meaning, such as sarcasm.

Graphic presentation awareness

A developmental stage of handwriting where a student learns the alphabet and may occasionally use letter reversals.

Simple View of Reading

A theory stating that proficient reading comprehension relies on accurate decoding of written words and language comprehension.

Phonological cortex

The part of the brain involved in recognizing the sounds of letters and blending them together to form words.

Explicit instruction

Direct and systematic teaching of reading skills, such as reviewing prior knowledge to connect with new material.

Semantic processing

The part of the Four-Part Processing Model that involves recognizing and understanding the meaning of words.

Orton-Gillingham approach

A method that helps students improve spelling by teaching them to decode words by breaking them into smaller, more manageable parts.

Multisensory instruction

An instructional type using various senses, such as role-playing animal behaviors, using word puzzles, or clapping out syllables.

Vowel team $oa$ and $oe$

Graphemes that spell the same sound; teaching them involves connecting to prior knowledge of previously learned segments.