BUS 272 Chapter 3 and 5

How much percent of genes is responsible for personality?

50%

What is personality?

Unique characteristics that account for inner experiences and behavioural outcomes

What do similar situations indicate about personality?

It shows a pattern of consistent behaviour and traits

Which trait from the Big Five Personality model does improve over time?

Conscentiousness

What type of intervention is helpful to change personality?

If-then statement styled goals to help potray a particular personality in a situation

What is the main idea of dispositional view of person-situation debate?

Certain personality traits align with certain behaviours and attitudes

How does the dispositional perspective relate to the hiring process?

Prioritizes people who will have the best success in the organization

What is the main idea of the situational perspective of person situation debate?

Assumes that people have no personality and depend on the context to determine how to express themselves

How does the situational perspective relate to hiring?

Not focusing on who to hire

How does the situational perspective relate to job design?

Making the environment more suitabel to attain more job satisification

What is the main idea of the interactionist perspective?

Personality + environment = attitudes and behaviours in a particular environment

How does the situaion strength theory relate to the interactionist perspective?

It is a way of how the personality and environment influences attitudes and behaviours

What does the situation strength theory say?

The context influences how your personality traits are expressed

How are the situation and personality relate?

They have an inverse relationship Strong situation = weaker personality expression Weak situation = stronger personality expression

What are the four ways that dictate the situation's strength?

Clarity, consistency, constraints, and consequences

What does clarity in situation strength mean?

How well the work tasks and responsibilities are defined and explained

What does consistency mean in situation strength?

How well does the duties, goals and responsibilities align with your situation

What does constraints mean in situation strength?

The amount of freedom given to a career

What does consequences mean in situation strength?

type of outcomes from an action

What are strong situations?

Contexts that have clear norms, values, and traditions to dictate how personality traits are expressed

What are weak situations?

Contexts that have unclear norms, values, and traditions to dictate how personality traits are expressed

What is the main idea of trait activitation?

Some personality traits are expressed according to a particular situation

What is the Myers Briggs Type Indicator?

A personality model that puts you on one end of the spectrum based on four categories

Why does MBTI have low test-retest reliability?

Shows inconsistent results after a distance of time has passed by

Why does MBTI have low predictive validity?

It's unable to predict job outcomes

Why isn't personality considered to be on each end of a spectrum?

Personality can change over time

Why are consultants needed to understand the results from MBTI?

Various personality traits are difficult to understand

What are the five personality traits from the Big Five?

Openness to experience, conscientousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

What does opennnes to experience mean?

How much you are willing to experience and learn new things

What does conscientousness mean?

The amount of discipline, organization, and reliability someone has

What does extraversion mean?

The degree in which someone is willing to socialize, and rely on others to energize them

What does agreeableness mean?

How much someone is willing to cooperate with others and express pro-social behaviours

What does neuroticism mean?

How much someone is willing to deal with stress and likelihood to have negative emotions

What are some common characteristics associated with openness to experience?

Flexible, open to change, and more creative

What are some common characteristics associated with conscientousness?

Responsiblie, dependable, orderly, and self-disciplined

What are some common characteristics associated with extraversion?

Outgoing, assertive, and energized by busy environments

What are some common characteristics associated with agreeableness?

Friendly, approachable, eager to help others, and cooperative

What are some common characteristics associated with neuroticism?

Self confident and stable

What does core self evaluation mean?

how someone feels about themselves

How is core self evaluation measured?

through self-esteem, self-efficiacy, and locus of control

Self Esteem

How you view yourself

Self efficiacy

How capable you are to perform a task

Locus of control

How much control you think you have

What is self monitoring?

How well a person can read their emotions and others and adjusting their behaviour accordingly

What are three benefits to having high self-monitoring?

Have more higher performance ratings, tend to get more promotions, and become leaders

What are two disadvantages to self-monitoring?

Have less deep relationships and do a lot of surface acting

What are values?

A type of judgement of what's good or bad

How are values helpful for ourselves?

Serve as a guide to dictate our behaviour

Where do values come from?

Our upbringings

Do values remain stable?

Yes

What are the two types of values?

Instrumental and terminal

What are instrumental values?

ways in which people achieve end-states

What are terminal values?

End states that people wish to achieve

What is affinity bias?

A tendency to become attracted, selected, or stayed with an organization because it fits with your values

What are two types of diversity?

deep and surface

What does deep diversity mean?

Characteristics that are not observable and take time to recognize

What does surface diversity mean?

Characteristics that are observable and do not take time to recognize

What is diversity?

A broad term that refers to various differences within a person

What is intersectionality?

Many sub-identities aligning and working together to form a cohesive self

What is the business case?

A suggestion to use diversity as an advantage to fulfill organizational goals

What is the fairness/moral case?

A suggestion to use diversity to show that it's ethnically and morally right

What is tokenism?

A way of pretending to foster diversity

Why is tokenism disadvantagous for underepresented people?

Their performance is heavily critqued (usually reflects their identity group) their contributions and acccomplishments are not properly credited

What is colorblindness?

A process of not using social differences to hire people in the workplace

Why is colorblindness disadvantageous related to stereotypes?

Does not allow stereotypes to be discussed

Why is colorblindness disadvantageous related to dominant groups?

Dominant groups become more favoured unconciously

Why is colorblindness disadvantageous related to inequities?

Does not address pay and gender inequites and other issues

What is multiculturalism?

Being aware of cultural differences and celebrating them

How is multiculturalism an advantage?

Reduces prejudice

How is multiculturalism a disadvantage?

Cause more stereotypes

How is bias defined?

Three categories: prejudice, discrimination and stereotyping

What is prejudice?

Negative emotions/thoughts towards a particular group because of how they are situated in society

What is discrimination?

Unfair treatment towards people based on how they identify themselves culturally

What is stereotyping?

Specific thoughts that summarize the identity of a particular group of people

What are the six different types of discrimination?

Free and subtle discrimination Planned and random discrimination Systemic and interpersonal discrimination