Fetal Pig Dissection: Functions Practice

What directional term means 'in front' and in the fetal pig means closer to the head?

Anterior

What directional term means 'along the back'?

Dorsal

What directional term means 'to the side'?

Lateral

What directional term means 'on the belly'?

Ventral

What body cavity includes the liver, intestines, spleen, and more?

Abdominal cavity

What body cavity includes the heart and lungs?

Thoracic cavity

What sheet separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and also plays a major role in inhalation and exhalation?

Diaphragm

What membrane lines the abdominal and thoracic cavities, secreting a fluid that allows organs to move without friction?

Peritoneum

What are the nipples in both male and female pigs also called?

Teats

What tunnel-like structure does a pig's hair grow out of?

Hair follicle

What structures are also known as sweat glands, though they do not produce enough sweat to cool a pig?

Sudoriferous glands

What type of tissue contracts and relaxes to cause all body movements?

Muscles

What type of tissue connects muscle to bone?

Tendon

What portion of the roof of the pig's mouth has no bone behind it, only cartilage and soft tissue?

Soft palate

What type of tooth is specialized for biting into things, such as carrots?

Incisor

What type of tooth is effective at grinding food into a pulp?

Molar

What muscular tube pushes food from the mouth to the stomach?

Esophagus

What muscular pouch digests food using gastric fluid and churning?

Stomach

What folds within the stomach increase its capacity for stretching?

Rugae

What round muscle controls when food empties from the stomach into the small intestine?

Pyloric sphincter

What organ is where most nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream and where much of the chemical digestion of food occurs?

Small intestine

What finger-like projections line the small intestine and increase surface area for nutrient absorption?

Villi

What part of the digestive tract contains good bacteria that aid digestion and absorbs much of the water?

Large intestine

What organ is the last place for feces before it leaves the body through the anus?

Rectum

What accessory organ of the digestive system creates bile and breaks down toxins in the body?

Liver

What accessory organ of the digestive system stores extra bile and dumps it into the small intestine?

Gallbladder

What organ is part of both the endocrine and digestive system by producing insulin, glucagon, and digestive enzymes?

Pancreas

What meshy tissue holds the intestines and abdominal organs in place so they do not fall out?

Mesentery

What flap covers the trachea, opening during breathing and closing during swallowing?

Epiglottis

What strong tube carries air from the mouth to the lungs?

Trachea

What is the trachea?

A part of the respiratory system.

What structure of the respiratory tract is also known as the voice box?

Larynx

What two large branches does the airway split into, with one entering each lung?

Bronchi

What narrow tubes branch throughout the lungs and end in air sacs?

Bronchioles

What tiny air sacs inside each lung are where oxygen passes directly into the bloodstream?

Alveoli

What lobed structures are filled with bronchioles and alveoli?

Lungs

What muscular pump pushes blood through the veins and arteries?

Heart

What flaps above the heart increase the capacity of the atria?

Auricles

What chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

Right atrium

What chamber of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

Right ventricle

What chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Left atrium

What chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?

Left ventricle

What membrane covers the heart and keeps it lubricated in fluid, preventing friction?

Pericardium

What structure delivers oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle itself?

Coronary arteries

What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body?

Aorta

What blood vessel takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

Pulmonary artery

What blood vessels carry blood between the fetus and placenta?

Umbilical arteries & vein

What organs filter blood, removing waste and excess fluid and creating urine?

Kidneys

What is the name for the outer layer of the kidney?

Renal cortex

What is the inside layer of the kidney?

Renal medulla

What part of the kidney collects urine until it is dumped into the ureters?

Renal pelvis

What structure delivers blood that has not yet been filtered to the kidneys?

Renal artery

What structure takes filtered blood away from the kidneys and back to the bloodstream?

Renal vein

What narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

Ureters

What muscular pouch stores urine?

Urinary bladder

What tube carries urine from the urinary bladder out of the body?

Urethra

What is the shared opening of the urinary and reproductive systems in a pig?

Urogenital opening

What external sac found only in male fetal pigs holds the testes?

Scrotum

What shrinking endocrine gland produces hormones that trigger T cells?

Thymus gland

What organ of the immune system removes old, damaged red blood cells?

Spleen

What endocrine gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism?

Thyroid gland

What endocrine gland is found above each kidney and produces cortisol?

Adrenal gland