Glycolysis and Homolactic Fermentation

Flashcards summarizing key concepts related to glycolysis and homolactic fermentation, including processes, products, and important enzymes.

What does glycolysis literally mean?

Splitting sugars.

What is the first stage of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis.

What are the products of glycolysis?

2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 molecules of ATP, and 2 molecules of NADH.

How many steps are involved in glycolysis?

10 steps.

What is the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway?

The first type of glycolysis that was discovered.

What is the role of phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?

It catalyzes the first reaction that is unique to glycolysis.

What happens to glucose during glycolysis?

It breaks down into two molecules of pyruvate.

What is produced during the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

1 Glucose-6-phosphate and 1 Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

What occurs during the energy payoff phase of glycolysis?

ATP and NADH are formed.

What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?

2 moles of ATP for each mole of glucose utilized.

What happens to pyruvate in anaerobic conditions?

It can be converted to lactate or ethanol.

Describe the process of homolactic fermentation.

Lactate is formed from pyruvate, occurs in cells lacking oxygen and in muscles during intense activity.

What is one fate of pyruvate in aerobic conditions?

It is converted to Acetyl CoA for entry into the citric acid cycle.

What enzyme is responsible for converting pyruvate to Acetyl CoA?

Pyruvate dehydrogenase.

What is the primary energy currency of the body?

ATP.

What compounds are produced from the breakdown of glucose in glycolysis?

Pyruvate, ATP, NADH, and water.

What is the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?

It acts as an electron carrier that is reduced to NADH.

How is glucose initially modified in glycolysis?

It is phosphorylated to form glucose-6-phosphate.