Spinal & Epidural Anaesthesia Complete Master Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts in spinal and epidural anaesthesia.

Why must spinal anaesthesia be performed below L2 in adults?

To avoid cord injury, as the spinal cord ends at L2.

What structures are traversed during spinal anaesthesia?

Skin → fat → supraspinous → interspinous → ligamentum flavum → epidural space → dura → subarachnoid.

How can you confirm correct placement of spinal anaesthesia?

By checking for CSF flow.

What is the mechanism of action of local anaesthetics in spinal anaesthesia?

LA in CSF blocks nerve roots, leading to sensory and motor loss.

What is the order of block in spinal anaesthesia?

Autonomic → sensory → motor.

What causes hypotension in spinal anaesthesia?

Sympathetic block leads to vasodilation, decreasing systemic vascular resistance (SVR).

How is hypotension defined in the context of spinal anaesthesia?

A greater than 20% drop in systolic BP.

What are the management strategies for hypotension during spinal anaesthesia?

Administer fluids and medications such as phenylephrine or ephedrine.

What is a major indication for performing spinal anaesthesia?

Surgery below the umbilicus.

What are some immediate complications associated with spinal anaesthesia?

Hypotension, nausea, failed block, and high block.