History #1:Pre-History Era

ART

an aesthetically pleasing and meaningful arrangement of elements, words,sounds,colors, shapes; or Form of human activity

ARCHITECTURE

the SCIENCE or PROFESSION of DESIGNING and CONSTRUCTING BUILDINGS or other structures

DECORATIVE ARTS

Any of the arts pertaining to or referring to the following: PAINTING, SCULPTURE, GLASS, and glassware, CERAMIC and POTTERY, metallurgy and plants.

1.approaches to historical style analysis 2.factors of historical development

2 kinds of style of western art and architecture

1. practical 2.historical 3.aesthetics

3 kinds of historical style analysis

PRACTICAL

seeks to establish what was built, when, by whom and for whom

HISTORICAL

the whys, and its relationship to social, economic, political, cultural and religious environment

AESTHETICS

accounts visual and stylistic differences and to explain how styles change and why they do so

1.rational, technological, constructional 2.social and religious 3.economic, cultural and political 4.spirit of the age

factors of historical development

ZEITGEIST

spirit of the age

1. paleolithic age/old stone age 2.mesolithic age/middle new age 3.neolithic/new stone age 4.bronze age

chronological order of styles

Paleolithic Age

30,000-10,000BC

Paleolithic

BEFORE WRITTEN HISTORY; also known as the OLD STONE AGE; where homo sapiens or cro magnon used CHIPPED STONES

1. mousterian 2.aurignacian 3.magdalenian

sub periods of paleolithic age

mousterian

Use of pigments for bodily ornamentation

Aurignacian

cave paintings

Magdalenian

THE LAST OF THE HUNTER GATHERERS, ART FOUND; ENGRAVINGS OF ANIMALS ON BONE

Paleolithic Age

a.concerned itself w food or fertility

b.attempt to gain control by magic or ritual

c.recognition of abstract thinking

Paleolithic Age

portable art; small figurines or decorative objects were carved and molded in clay

VENUS

collective term for figurines during paleolithic age; unmistakably female of child bearing build

VENUS OF WILLENDORF

from austria; 4 1/2" tall made of LIMESTONE; female figure which has pendulous breasts, obese middle and belly, and pronounced buttocks

Stationary art

cave paintings

Cave Paintings at Lascaux

painted w 4 GREAT BULLS; believed to express belief in POWER OF ANIMALS

Mesolithic Age/Middle Stone Age

10,000-8,000BC

mesolithic age

where MOST OF GLACIAL ICE DISAPPEARED as well as food; beginnings of SETTLED COMMUNITIES AND FARMING; invention of BOW AND ARROW; Pottery for food storage and domestication of small animals

Mesolithic Age

art: pottery which is UTILITARIAN in origin and not for display

Mesolithic Age

Rock paintings; similar to paleolithic but moved out to outdoors or vertical cliffs

Mesolithic Age

characteristics: usually human objects; highly stylized, rather than glorified stick figures

NEOLITHIC/ New stone age

7,000-3,000BC

neolithic age

men who FIRST DEVELOPED AGRICULTURE and SETTLED IN PERMANENT VILLAGES; where MUD BRICKS where first used

NEOLITHIC age

pottery is made by kilning and food storage; mostly PAINTED/ DECORATED; vessels are used for storage and cooking

NEOLITHIC

architecture: beehive hut, trullo, megalith

TRULLO

conical, STONE ROOFED BUILDING unique to the region of puglia in southeast italy

MEGALITH

a large stone which has been used to CONSTRUCT A STRUCTURE or MONUMENT either alone or w other stones

MENHIR

A large, single upright standing stone

Dolmen

A free standing chamber, consisting of standing stones covered by a capstone as a lid. It was used for burial and was covered by mounds.

orthostat

An upright slab forming part of a larger structure

Stone circle

Standing stones arranged in a circle example:stonehenge

stone row

A linear arrangement of upright, parallel standing stones

taula

a straight standing stone, topped with another forming a t shape

trilithon

Two parallel upright stones with a horizontal stone called lintel placed on top

bronze age

copper and tin were widely used; use of semi precious stone; advanced pottery