chem 1: gases, liquids, and solids

Ideal gas law

PV = nRT

Charles Law

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

Gay Lussacs Law

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

1 mol gas is equal to

22.4 L

Boyle’s Law

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Finish units of conversion: 1 atm =

1 atm = 760 torr = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa = 14.7 PSI

What is STP?

Standard Temperature and Pressure

Kinetic Molecular Theory states that:

Gas particles are in constant, random motion, have negligible volume, and collisions are perfectly elastic

What is a gas?

A state of matter that has no fixed shape, takes the shape of its container, and has particles that are far apart and move freely.

Assumptions about gases

1. particles are points in random motion

2. don’t interact

3. have negligible volume and collisions are elastic.

moles represent how many ____ are in the container

particles

PV = nRT, what does each variable stand for?

P = pressure, V = volume, n = number of moles, R = ideal gas constant, T = temperature

What is the relationship between pressure and volume? They are _____ proportional

As pressure increases, volume decreases, and vice versa, demonstrating an inverse relationship, described by Boyle's Law.

Inversely

Volume are temperature are _____ proportional, as described by _____ Law.

directly, Charles’

0 Celcius =

273.15 Kelvin

combined gas law

(P₁V₁)_/T₁ = (P₂V₂)/T₂

Avogrado’s Law

V₁/n₁ = V₂/n₂

1 mol gas =

22.4 L

R =

0.08206 L atm/mol K

What is root mean square velocity?

the measure of the speed of atoms in a gas

root mean square velocity formula and constants

V = sqrt(3RT/M), R = 8.3145 J/mol K , M = kg/mol

1 kg is how many g?

1000 g

1 L is how many mL?

1000 mL

velocity increases by the square root of the

temperature

According tot the RMS equation, when molarity goes up,

velocity goes down

If H₂ has a speed of 200 m/s, what is the speed for O₂?

50 m/s (yellow represents molar mass in screenshot)

average of gas molecules is dependent on

temperature

rate of infusion is…

how fast a gas can escape from a container through a hole

rate of effusion formula

refer to image

heavy gas molecules move____, a larger molar mass means a ____ rate of effusion

slower, slower M⬆V⬇

rate of diffusion with time

refer to image

What makes a real gas closer to an ideal gas?

low pressure and high temperature

Assumptions about an ideal gas

1. particles have negligible volume (= 0)

2. particles have intermolecular forces

3. described by PV = nRT.

Assumptions about a real gas

1. particles have measurable volume

2. particles have intermolecular forces

3. at most conditions we can use PV=nRT

real gases tend to have:

high pressure and low temperature

Making a container smaller makes the pressure

higher